Chronology of Events of Assam's Ancient, Medieval and Modern History Study Materials & Notes
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Chronology of Events of Assam’s Ancient, Medieval and Modern History
Ancient Period
- 350 Pushya Varman establishes the Varman dynasty in Kamarupa.
- 594 Kumar Bhaskar Varman became the king of Kamrupa.
- 636 Chinese Buddhist scholar/traveler Xuanzang visits the court of Bhaskar Varman in Kamarupa.
- 650 Kumar Bhaskar Varman Dies. End of the great Varman Dynasty.
- 655 Salasthamba establishes Mlechchha dynasty in Kamarupa.
- 900 Brahmapala establishes Pala dynasty in Kamarupa.
- 1100 End of Pala Dynasty with the king Jayapala, the last Pala king removed by Ramapala.
- 1185 Prithu establishes the Khen dynasty and the Kamata kingdom
- 1187 Birpal establishes Chutiya kingdom at Swarnagiri
- 1185 Prithu establishes the Khen dynasty and the Kamata kingdom.
- 1187 Birpal establishes Chutiya kingdom in Sadiya.
Medieval Period
- 1206 First Muslims attack in Assam. Muhammad Bin Bukhtiyar Khalji was the first Muslim’s invader who attacked Kamrup (Assam) in 1206 in the hope to conquer China through Assam. But he could not succeed his plan and was defeated.
- 1207 In his second attempt, Bukhtiyar Khalji along with Ewaz Khan as commander in chief could reach Nawgaon district of Assam.
- – Naseeruddin invaded Kamrup and defeated the king Prethu.
- 1224 Ratnadhwajpal the second Chutiya king annexes the Kingdoms of Bhadrasena and Nyayapal
- 1228 First Ahom king Sukafa enters Assam.
- – Chutiya kingdom expedition against Kamatapur
- 1248 Ratnadhwajpal establishes his capital at Sadiya
- 1250 Sandhya, a ruler of Kamarupa, moves his capital west and thus established the Kamata kingdom.
- 1252 Sukafa establishes first Ahom capital in Charaideo.
- 1449 Srimanta Sankardev is born.
- 1490 First Ahom-Kachari battle. Ahoms defeated under Konkhra and pursued for peace.
- 1498 Alauddin Hussain Shah of Gaur removes the last Khen ruler of Kamata kingdom.
- 1515 Viswa Singha establishes Koch political power and Koch dynasty.
- 1520 Ahoms defeated by Chutiya king Dharmadhwajpal
- 1524 Chutiya kingdom partially annexed to Ahom Kingdom under Suhungmung, and placed under the rule of Sadiyakhowa Gohain.
- 1527 Nusrat Shah’s invasion, the first Muslim invasion of the Ahom kingdom, ends in failure.
- 1532 Turbak attacks Ahom Kingdom, the first commander to enjoy some success.
- 1533 Turbak defeated and killed. Ahoms pursue Gaur army to Karatoya River.
- 1536 Ahoms destroy Dimapur, the capital of the Kachari kingdom.
- 1539 Ahom king establishes capital in Gargaon.
- 1540 Nara Narayan succeeds his father to the throne of Kamata kingdom.
- 1548 Assam witnesses devastating earthquake.
- 1563 Chilarai occupies Ahom capital Garhgaon, ends with Treaty of Majuli treaty between Koch and Ahom.
- 1568 Srimanta Sankardev dies.
- 1581 Nara Narayana divides Kamata kingdom into Koch Bihar and Koch Hajo (to be governed by Raghudev).
- 1587 Naranarayana of Koch dynasty dies.
- 1588 Raghudev, son of Chilarai and ruler of Koch Hajo declares independence.
- 1609 Momai Tamuli Borbarua restructures Paik system in Ahom kingdom.
- – Koch Bihar becomes a Mughal vassal.
- 1613 Koch Hajo is annexed by the Mughal Empire.
- 1615 Ahom-Mughal conflicts begin.
- 1637 Bali Narayan dies of natural causes, and Koch rebellion again Mughals collapse.
- 1639 Treaty of Asurar Ali signed between the Ahom kingdom and Mughal Empire.
- 1659 Ahoms take possession of Koch Hajo (up to Sankosh River). Koch Hajo was occupied by rulers of Koch Bihar earlier, who drove out the Mughal faujdar from Guwahati.
- 1662 Mir Jumla attacks Ahom kingdom and occupies Garhgaon, the Ahom capital.
- 1663 After Treaty of Ghilajharighat Mir Jumla returns to Dhaka, dies on the way.
- 1667 Ahoms wrest Guwahati and extend control up to Manas River; begins defence preparations.
- 1668 Mughals under Ram Singh I advance up to Guwahati to retake it.
- 1671 The battle of Saraighat between Ahom and Mughals. Ahoms under Lachit Borphukan wins and Ram Singh I retreats to Rangamati.
- 1679 Laluk-sola Borphukan deserts Guwahati.
- 1681 Gadadhar Singha becomes Ahom King “swargadeo”.
- 1682 Ahoms win battle at Itakhuli. End of Ahom-Mughal conflicts with Ahom win.
- 1714 Rudra Singha dies, and with his death the Kachari, Jaintia etc. grand alliance to remove the Mughals from Bengal.
- 1769 First phase of Moamoria rebellion, Ahom capital falls but recaptured in April, 1770.
- 1783 Ahom capital Rangpur fell the second time to Moamoria rebellion. Rebel leaders strike coins in their names.
- 1786 Third Moamoria rebellion.
- 1794 Captain Thomas Welsh restore Rangpur to Ahom king from Moamora rebels. The Ahom capital shifts to Jorhat.
- 1805 Ahoms come to terms with Sarbananda, the last Moamora rebel leader holding out in Bengmara (Tinsukia). Ahoms declare Sarbananda the Barsenapati of Matak Rajya.
- 1817 The first Burmese invasion of Assam. Burmese occupation was complete by 1821.
- 1819 Second Burmese Invasion.
- 1821 Third Burmese Invasion.
- 1823 Tea leaves discovered in Assam.
- 1825 Crude Oil discovery in Assam.
Modern Period
- 1826 Treaty of Yandaboo signed between East India Company and King of Burma; end of Burmese and beginning of British occupation of Assam.
- 1830 The first freedom fighter of Assam, Piyoli Phukan is hanged.
- 1837 Bangla is made official language of Assam by British creating controversy.
- 1843 Sivasagar sees first High school of Assam.
- 1846 First Assamese magazine Orunodoi published.
- 1853 A giant asteroid strikes the Brahmaputra River.
- 1858 Famous freedom fighter Maniram Dewan is hanged.
- 1861 Phulaguri Dhawa, the first peasant uprising against British rule was repressed.
- 1865 Assam gets Telegraph and telephone connections.
- 1873 Assamese becomes official language again.
- 1874 Assam is separated from Bengal and becomes an independent state.
- 1889 First publication of Assamese magazine ‘Junaki’.
- 1894 Patharughat raijmel fired upon, villagers tortured and property confiscated.
- 1897 Assam witnesses a devasting earthquake killing thousands of people.
- 1900 Tea research center is established in Tukulai, Jorhat.
- 1901 Cotton is established in Gauhati. Asia’s first Oil refinery is established in Digboi.
- 1917 First meeting of Assam Sahitya Sabha.
- 1921 Mahatma Gandhi visits Assam.
- 1926 National Congress conference helds in Pandu.
- 1942 Kanaklata and Mukunda Kakoti were gunned down by British Police.
- 1947 India gets independence. Assam becomes a state.
- 1947 First medical college is established in Dibrugarh.
- 1961 Assamese becomes state’s official language.
- 1962 China attacks India and Assam becomes the first victim.
- 1963 Nagaland separates out from Assam.
- 1972 Manipur, Tripura, Mijoram and Arunachal Pradesh are also separated out from Assam.
- 1974 From Shillong, the capital of Assam was shifted to Dispur.
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