Category: apsc polity

Assam Govt and Indian Govt sign peace Pact with ULFA (All Provisions) – Assam/Northeast Polity Notes

Posted on by admin 
Assam Govt and Indian Govt sign peace Pact with ULFA (All Provisions) - Assam/Northeast Polity Notes
Assam Polity - Assamexam

Go To Assam Polity Notes & Study Materials                                                                Go To Assam Polity Quiz MCQ

Recently, the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), the Assam government and the pro-talks faction of the United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) signed a memorandum of settlement (MoU). The agreement was signed with the pro-talks faction of ULFA under Arabinda Rajkhowa while the other faction led by Paresh Baruah (known as ULFA-I) has not joined the peace process.

Major provisions in the ULFA Peace Accord

  1. Development Measures- The peace agreement encompasses a comprehensive package for the all-round development of Assam. It includes provisions for various developmental projects and a commitment to resolving long-standing issues. The government has pledged investment of ₹1.5 lakh crore, staggered through the years.
  2. Political Inclusion- The agreement addresses the issue of political insecurity among indigenous people, reserving 97 out of 126 seats for them in the recent delimitation exercise. It ensures the continuation of this principle in future delimitation processes, aiming to address political insecurities.
  3. Non-Violence- ULFA has agreed to renounce violence, disarm, disband the armed organization, vacate their occupied camps, and participate in the peaceful democratic process established by law. This commitment aims to ensure the integrity of the country and marks a shift towards non-violent engagement.
  4. A time-bound program will be made by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, to fulfil the demands of ULFA and a committee will also be formed for its monitoring.
  5. Govt. of India and the Govt. of Assam remain committed to protect the interests of the indigenous communities, ULFA agreed to shun the path of violence, join the peaceful democratic process as established by the law of the land, and uphold the integrity of the country. 

 

Political Demands

  1. The Govt. of India agrees to maintain the territorial integrity of the State of Assam. However, the Govt. of India and the Govt. of Assam are committed to amicably resolve boundary disputes of Assam with neighbouring States.
  2. The Govt. of India will consider recommending to the Election Commission of India to follow, as far as possible, the broad guidelines and methodology, which was adopted for the delimitation exercise held in Assam in 2023, in future delimitations as well. Some of these parameters used in the exercise are rate of growth of population, density of population, principles of historicity of areas and communities, geographical continuity, physical features, facilities of communication and public convenience. 
  3. Effective measures will be taken to prevent enrolment of illegal migrants in the voter lists. All precautions will be taken to ensure thorough scrutiny of new voters at the time of revision of electoral rolls. The verification exercise should be carried out under the direct supervision of the District Electorar Registration Officer.
  4. ST Status for Communities: The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2019 has been introduced by the Govt. of India in the Rajya Sabha to include certain communities in the list of the STs in relation to the State of Assam. The Govt. of Assam has constituted a Committee of Group of Ministers (CGoM) to examine and suggest on the different aspects of reservation of six communities in the State. The Govt. of India and the Govt. of Assam will make efforts to expedite the process after signing of the MoS.
  5. Reservation in Education/Employment: The Govt. of Assam agrees to consider initiating measures to divide OBCs/MOBCs into separate categories and specify quantum of reservation for each category for the purpose of reservation in educational institutions and employment under the State Govt. The State Govt. has already constituted the Assam Backward Classes Commission in April 2022 under the Assam Backward Classes Commission Act, 1993 towards this objective.
  6. NRC/Illegal Immigration: Foreigners detected after preparation of the corrected and error-free NRC shall be dealt with as per the law of the land. Effective measures, including use of latest state of the art technologies, will continue to be taken jointly by the Govt. of India and the Govt. of Assam to secure international borders to prevent fresh illegal influx into the country.
  7. Land/Forest: For efficient management of land resources, the Govt. of Assam will take steps to digitalise all land holdings, preferably within 3 years of signing of the MoS. The Govt. of Assam will take necessary steps to prevent shrinkage/decrease of prime agricultural land. No agricultural land will ordinarily be allotted or settled for any other purpose except when the State Govt. is of the view that the intended purpose is in public interest such as establishment of industry for employment generation, construction of public institution/office, hospital, dispensary, etc.
  8. Tea Gardens: The Govt. of Assam will consider constituting a Committee under the Chairmanship of a Cabinet Minister to examine the issue of sick tea gardens and recommend steps as to how to revive them. The Committee will also study various issues relating to welfare of the tea garden workers and recommend appropriate measures to address their grievances, in consultation with all stakeholders including the plantation owners. Persons belonging to Tea and Ex-Tea garden community will be given preference in allotment of land acquired from Tea Estate under the Assam Fixation of Ceiling on Land Holdings Act, 1956, as amended from time to time. 
    Efforts will be made by the Govt. of India to re-locate the Office of Tea Board of India from Kolkata to a suitable location in Assam.
  9. The Govt. of India may consider facilitating acquisition of land at Delhi and provide financial assistance for constructionn of a Community Centre, which will inculcate the spirit of Srimanta Sankardev and Lachit Borpukhan, at the national level.
  10. The Govt. of India may consider setting up a Visual Art University in Assam to promote film production, performing arts, animation etc.
  11. The Govt. of India may consider establishing a Regional Centre of Lalit Kala Academy for the North East in Assam.
  12. Govt. of Assam will set up an Archaeology Research Centre at Tezpur.
  13. An Ethnic Museum will be set up by the Govt. of Assam in Dhemaji, which was the second capital of Ahom kingdom (Dhemaji Habung).
  14. A heritage centre will be set up by the Govt. of Assam at Jamugurihat (Sonitpur district) for preserving the “Bhaona Culture”.
  15. Cultural Academy and Research Centres will be set up by the Govt. of Assam in erstwhile Lakhimpur, Darrang, Goalpara (to be named after Pratima Pandey Baruah), Kamrup, Sivasagar, Cachar and Nagaon districts, which are known for their rich cultural tradition since pre-Independence days.
  16. The Govt. of India will take up a number of developmental projects in Assam in the next few years covering core infrastructure sectors such as Road Transport & Highways, Railways, Flood and Soil Erosion, Petroleum & Natural Gas, MSME, Textiles, MEITY, etc. A list of identified projects is at Annexure — I. 10.2 The Govt. of Assam will also take up a number of developmental projects in the State in the next few years covering various sectors such as Energy, Petroleum & Natural Gas, Roads & Bridges, Floods and Soil Erosion, Wetland Development, Education, Cottage Industry and Delivery of services to improve ease of living. A list of identified projects is at Annexure — II.
  17. Special Development Package: A Special Development Package of Rs. 5000 Crores will be provided over a period of five years with matching contributiorf by the Govt. of India and the Govt. of Assam for various developmental initiatives in the State.

 

ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS 

A. ROAD

1. Highway from Diphu to West Karbi Anglong via Hamren 

2. 4-lane Gauripur Bypass from Dumardohan to Baladmara via Khudimari, Fulkumari, Charaldanga, Sajuarkuti, Geramari 

3. Two lane road from Majuli to Jorhat on NH-715K 

4. Stage strengthening of NH-127C from Samthaibari to Dadgiri 

5. New Bridge over River Gai on NH-15 

6. River Training Work for New 2-Lane Major Bridge between Majuli and Jorhat

7. Construction & up-gradation of NH-127C from Samthaibari to Galengphu (Indo-Bhutan Border) 

8. Widening of NH-329

 9. Tamenglong – Mahur Road from Jiri River to Hangrum 

10. 4-Laning of Bilasipara-Tulungia and Silchar-Jiribam 

11. 4-Laning of Silchar ISBT of NH-37 and NH-6 

12. 4-Laning of NH-37/NH-8 near Sutarkandi (Spur Connectivity to Indo/Bangladesh Border) and proposed Nilam bazar/ Cheragi Bypass on Silchar-Churaibari 

13. 4-Laning of NH-8 (proposed Nilambazar/Cheragi Bypass near Chandkhira Village and near Churaibari Village (Assam/Tripura Border) on Silchar-Churaibari 

14. 4-Laning of Malidor-Ratachera-Kalain-Badarpur 

15. 4-Laning of Silchar-Jiribam 

16. Construction of new highway from NH-37 near Pailapool to NH-137 connecting Jaipur, Harinagar, Kumarcherra, Zinam, Hagrum (Mahur-Tamenglomg Road) 

17. (a) 4-Lane Approach road from Numaligarh side to Brahmaputra Tunnel on South Bank

 (b) 4-Laning of Brahmaputra Tunnel Connectivity across River Brahmaputra between Gohpur (on NH-15) and Numaligarh (on NH71) 

(c) 4-Laning of Approach road from End of Brahmaputra River Tunnel to Gohpur side on North Bank 

18. Guwahati Ring Road including Brahmaputra Bridge 

19. Implementation of wild life friendly measures on Kaziranga National Park stretch of NH-715 Baihata to Sonapur section) and (Basistha to Jorabat section) on NH 37 

B. Railways 

20. World Class Station Building at Kamakhya Railway Station 

21. New Railway line Salona-Khumtai 

22. New Railway line Tezpur-Silghat 

23. Saraighat Bridge doubling 

24. Doubling of Kamakhya — New Guwahati — 3rd Line 

25. Doubling of Lumding – Tinsukia Jn – Dibrugarh railway line 

26. Multi-tracking of Azara- Tetelia 

27. Multitracking from Khandikar- Kendukona (Rangia By-pass) 

28. Chandranathpur — Agartala 

29. Agthori – Dekargaon (New line)

 30. New lines : Ledo – Jairampur- Kharsang; Gogamukh—Jorhat; Jowai-Khlieriat— Chandranathpur; Kokrajhar-Gelephu 

C. FLOOD AND SOIL EROSION 

31. Anti-erosion measures at different reaches of river Kushiyara 

32. Raising and strengthening of Dyke from Bahari to Baghbar

33. Anti-erosion measures at different reaches of river Garuphella

 34. Anti-erosion measures at different reaches of river Longa 

35. Protection of Majuli island from flood and erosion of river Brahmaputra 

36. Integrated Water Resources Management of Buridehing Basin 

37. Integrated flood and erosion management of Manas and Beki rivers in Baksa and Barpeta districts 

38. Integrated flood and river bank erosion manaaement works at Rohmoria 

39. Protection of Flood embankment along Kollong river from Raha to Jagi

 40. Construction of Dyke along right bank of river Kollong from Dhankhunda to Gobardhan hill and sluice gate at Dhepuijan, Ghoramarajaan and Kajolijan 

41. Protection of Kolbari and Lality area from the erosion of river Brahmaputra (Construction of three nos of spurs and a check dam) 

42. Protection of various villages from the erosion of river Aie 

43. Rejuvenation, bioremediation and conservation of Silsako Beel at Guwahati 

D. PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 

44. Pipeline from Duliajan to Majuli 

45. Laying of pipeline from Narayanpur, Assam to Banderdewa & Naharlagun in Arunachal Pradesh 

46. Pipeline from Guwahati, Assam to Sandrup Jonkhar, Bhutan

 47. Pipelines from Silchar, Assam to Imphal, Manipur via Jiribam 

48. Pipeline from Baihata, Assam to Panikhaiti, Assam and from Sonapur, Assam to Tura & Mairang, Meghalaya. 

49. Capacity augmentation of Bongaigaon LPG Plant 

50. Laying of Guwahati-Silchar-Imphal Product Pipeline (GSIPL)

51. Bongaigaon Refinery Expansion 

52. Geleki Redevelopment Project 

53. Creation Of Captive Power Plant (CPP) at Geleki 

54. Creation of Surface Facilities and Redevelopment of Geleki Field 

55. Pipeline Network Project, Rudrasagar

56. Creation of Captive Power Plant (CPP) at Rudrasagar 

57. Pilot implementation of Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (CEOR) in Rudrasagar, Lakwa, Lakhmani 

E. MSME

58. Development of New Industrial Estate at Chenga, Bahari, District Barpeta

59. Setting up of a new industrial estate at 2, Dhemajibari, Biswanath Cherialx

60. Up-gradation of the Integrated Infrastructure Development Centre IIDC, Silapathar, District Dhemaji

61. Development of New Industrial Estate at Maizgram, District Karimganj

62. Up-gradation of the Integrated Infrastructure Development Centre, Titabor, Jorhat

63. Development of New Industrial Estate at Dighalichapari, District-Sonitpur

64. Infrastructure Development Facilities & Up-gradation in the existing Complex, Manja, Karbi Anglong, Assam.

F. TEXTILES

65. Eri and Muga Silk Development Project for creation of livelihood of forest communities

66. Integrated project for Eri Silk Industry

67. Project for empowering women from forest dependant communities in Soil to Silk value chain (Ava Creation – SPV)

G. MEITY

68. Research Centre for Nano-technology. 

Annexure-!!

List of Developmental Projects to be taken up by Govt. of Assam 

A. ENERGY

1. Development of 3000 MW Solar power projects in Assam

2. Increased Hydro-Power generation by expansion of KarbiLangpi Project with additional 50 MW

3. Develop Assam as a region hub by establishing 250 MW Battery Energy Storage.

4. Increased power supply in the State by exploiting green sources by developing 212 MW Solar Parks in the State

5. Development of anew 25 MW Namrup Solar Power Project 

6. Development of 20 MW Sonbeel Solar Power Project at Karimganj

B. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS

 7. Increased oil and gas business in Assam in the midstream and downstream by expanding the capacity and diversification of NRL into 9 MMPTA

C. ROADS AND BRIDGES

8. Improved rural connectivity by construction of new and strengthening of Resilient Rural Bridges in the State 

9. Improvement of communication by taking up of Assam Bridge project connecting Palashbari

10. Special focus and investment for development of Roads in Hill Areas in Assam with suitable designs for Disaster Resilience

D. FLOODS AND SOIL EROSION

11. Protection of lives and livelihoods of people of Assam in flood affected areas by taking up Integrated River Basin Management Projects

12. Long term and sustainable development of Brahmaputra riverine areas by taking up projects like Climate Resilient Brahmaputra Integrated Flood and River Erosion Risk Management Programme

13. Climate Resilient Brahmaputra Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Project in: (a) Assam-Dibrugrh and Tinsukia Sub Project (Zone-A) (b) Assam-Morigaon Nagaon Tezpur Sub project (Zone-B) (c) Assam-Guwahati West P:G.P Sub project (Zone-C) (d) Assam-Barpeta Goalpara Dhubri sub project ( Zone D)

E. MISCELLANEOUS

14. Systemic transformation of Governance & Service Delivery in Assam to make it more pro-people and accountable by targeted investments

15. Focussed Investment to develop modern Urban Infrastructure and Urban Sector in Assam to promote Ease of Living

16. Develop and Implement time-bound program to cover all major towns of Assam with urban gas distribution to provide connections to all households in 5 years

F. WETLAND DEVELOPMENT

17. Eco-Conservation and Development of Assam Wetlands and Integrated Fisheries in a sustainable manner G. EDUCATION

18. Mission Mode and focused efforts and investments to support School education in Assam

H. COTTAGE INDUSTRY

19. Bell metal, Brass metal and charcoal depot based industries to be established in Sarthebari (Bajali District). State Govt. to look into the problems of easy availability of raw material to ensure survival of Bell based Assamese handicraft cottage industry. 

Annexure-III

Illustrative list of developmental projects to, be implemented underSpecial Development Packaqe,

A. EDUCATION

1. IIM at Guwahati subject to laid down govt. norms

2. School of Planning and Architecture subject to laid down govt. norms

3. Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER) subject to laid down govt. norms

4. A University in the name of Su-Ka-Pha in Charaideo district subject to aid down govt. norms

5. Education Park at Guwahati to impart interacting, demonstrative and physical education to youth on physical science, life and social sciences.

6. Training School for imparting hands on training in Oil and Gas operations

B. RAILWAYS

7. North Eastern Frontier Railways to be re-constituted to cover only the States of North East Region subject to laid down norms of Railway Board.

8. Railway equipment manufacturing plant at Bongaigaon

C. FLOOD AND SOIL EROSION

Flood and erosion problem will be treated as a national priority

D. INDUSTRY

10. Food processing Industrial park in Malinibari of Silchar District.

11. Special Economic Zone at Daranga Mela area of IndoBhutan border (Baksa District).

12. !ndustrial area for value added production from Banana in Goalpara district

13. Industrial area for value added production from Pineapple in Karbi Anglong district

14. A bamboo-based industry in Barak Valley

E. TOURISM

15. Development of Kaziranga as a high-end national level tourist attraction centre with various entertainment amenities, Botanical and Floral Garden, Orchid Centre, Eco Forest Museum and opportunities to showcase local culture, craft, cottage industry, etc.

16. Tea Museum at Dibrugarh

17. Development of tourist spots at .Rangghar, Talatalghar, Karengghar, Khaspur ruins, Brahmaputra waterfront at Guwahati, battlefield of Saraighat war and Bogeebil.

18. Development of water sports activities at Bogeebil (Dibrugarh District).

E. TOURISM

15. Development of Kaziranga as a high-end national level tourist attraction centre with various entertainment amenities, Botanical and Floral Garden, Orchid Centre, Eco Forest Museum and opportunities to showcase local culture, craft, cottage industry, etc.

16. Tea Museum at Dibrugarh

17. Development of tourist spots at . Rangghar, Talatalghar, Karengghar, Khaspur ruins, Brahmaputra waterfront at Guwahati, battlefield of Saraighat war and Bogeebil.

18. Development of water sports activities at Bogeebil (Dibrugarh District).

F. SPORTS

19. A multi-facility sports complex with Centre of Excellence in Volleyball at Nalbari

20. Centre of Excellence for Foot+oail in Dibrugarh and Baksa districts

21. Multi-purpose sports complex at Darrang and Charaideo districts

22. Football Academy at Kaiiabor (Nagaon District).

G. AGRICULTURE

23. An in ernationaliy accredited Organic Produce Certification

Centre to be set up in Assam Agriculture University.

24. A Regional Pesticide Testing laboratory to be set up at Guwahati.

25.  Muga Parks at Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Sivasagar and South Ka,mrup with special incentives to Muga producers. Rural areas (Dhakuakhana, Dhemaji, Charaideo and Boko) to be declared as eco-sensitive zone for survival of Muga silk culture.

26. Setting up of a Germplasm Bank in Horticulture Collage at Nalbari (Lokhopur) for development of indigenous verities of flora and fauna and collection and preservation of indigenous/heirloom seeds.

27. Solar Cold Storage in Sadia

H. ACT EAST POLICY

28. An international cultural centre in Guwahati to promote people to people socio-cultural contact with neighbouring countries.

29. An International level amusement park to be set up near Mayang and Pabitora Wildlife Sanctuary area in collaboration with private sector.

1. SKILL DEVELOPMENT

30. Skill Development Centres will be set up to function in close coordination with industry and impart specialised training to the youth for enhancing their capabilities in areas that are in demand overseas such as hospitality, healthcare, construction, manufacturing etc.

J. BlO-FUEL SECTOR

31. A Committee will be constituted to study and recommend on promotion of investment and formulation of policy in consultation with Niti Aayog to make Assam a hub for green energy.

32. Green Banks will be set up to provide financial assistance for green energy projects.

K. WETLAND DEVELOPMENT

33. Development of eco-tourism and state of the art water sports hub along with fresh water fisheries at Pahu-Garh (Sivasager district), Kalang River (Nagaon district) and Deuri Silabandha bil (Kaliabar), From Bouta bil to Kapfa bil Wetland (hiafbariBarpeta district), Dheer Bill (Dhuburi district), MatapungMaguri bill (Tinsukia district) and Bagibill of Dibrugarh district.

L.  ROADS AND BRIDGES

34. Bridges at (i) Boko-Mukalmua (ii) Disangmukh-Matmora (Sivasagar district-Lakhimpur district) (iii) Lahorighat (Morigaon district) – Udalguri (Udalguri district), and (iv) Mora Deopani-Amarpur Telia Bari to be constructed.

35. Construction of road from Khatkhati to Namrup Dilighat bridge along Assam-Nagaland boundary.

36. Reopening of road communication on Goalpara – Dalu – Nalitabari axis (road along Indo-Bangladesh boarder which links different border trade points).

 

Peace Pact with ULFA: A Path Towards Peace

  • 2005: United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) formed an 11-member ‘People’s Consultative Group’ (PCG)and the committee mediated three rounds of talks.
  • 2008: Some ULFA commanders like Arabinda Rajkhowa strive for peace talks while Paresh Baruah was opposed and was expelled from Rajkhowa outfit leading to split in ULFA.
  • 2012: The pro-talks faction submitted a 12-point charter of demands (spanning constitutional, political, financial, and cultural concerns), which was finally responded to in 2023.
  • 2023: Peace Accord between Rajkhowa’s faction and the Centre was followed, culminating in the tripartite peace agreement.
  • One of the major key points is that 97 out of 126 Assembly seats would be reserved for indigenous people and the future delimitation exercise would follow this principle.

 

Significance of the Peace Pact

  • Progress and Development: ₹1.5 lakh crore investment had been pledged in the peace accord.
  • Political Will and Implementation: A time-bound program will be made by the Home Ministry to fulfill the demands of ULFA.
  • Ensuring Peace Assam: With an aim to achieve resolution and closure.
    Violent Groups Surrendered: As more than 9000 cadres have surrendered on record.
  • Triumph of Democratic Process: ULFA has also agreed to engage in the peaceful democratic process established by law and maintain the integrity of the country.

 

Way Forward

  • Fulfill Promise: Government needs to fulfill the promises made during the peace agreement, addressing the concerns and aspirations of the United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) and the affected communities.
  • Complete Peace Process: Ensure a comprehensive and thorough peace process.
  • Complete Integration and Assimilation: By involving rehabilitation programs, vocational training, and support for their social and economic integration.
  • Ensure Continued Monitoring: To ensure that all parties adhere to their commitments.
  • Neutralizing ULFA-1: Through collaboration with the Myanmar government. Diplomatic channels must be leveraged to counter any support provided to ULFA-1 by China.

The peace accord is a positive development for Northeast peace. However, challenges persist with the non-participating ULFA-I and cross-border issues. Sustained commitment and diplomatic efforts are essential for ensuring lasting stability in the region.

 

Go To Assam Polity Notes & Study Materials                                                                Go To Assam Polity Quiz MCQ

Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) – Indian Polity Notes APSC Exam

Posted on by admin

Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)

Polity Notes for APSC, UPSC & State exams

The Constitution of India (Article 148) provides for an independent office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG). In 1971, the central government enacted the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (Duties, Powers, and Conditions of Service) Act, 1971. Articles 148 – 151 of the Constitution of India deal with the institution of the CAG of India.

  • He is the head of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department and chief Guardian of Public purse.
  • The CAG is appointed by the President of India by a warrant under his hand and seal. 
  • He holds office for a period of six years or up to the age of 65years, whichever is earlier. 
  • He can resign any time from his office by addressing the resignation letter to the president.  He can also be removed by the president on the basis of a resolution passed to that effect by both the Houses of Parliament with special majority, either on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity.
  • CAG audits the accounts related to all expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India, Consolidated Fund of each state and UT having a legislative assembly. 
  • CAG audits all expenditure from the Contingency Fund of India and the Public Account of India as well as the Contingency Fund and Public Account of each state. 
  • CAG audits all trading, manufacturing, profit and loss accounts, balance sheets and other subsidiary accounts kept by any department of the Central Government and the state governments. 
  • CAG audits the receipts and expenditure of all bodies and authorities substantially financed from the Central or State revenues; government companies; other corporations and bodies, when so required by related laws.
  • He acts as a guide, friend and philosopher of the Public Accounts Committee of the Parliament.
  • The CAG is also the statutory auditor of Government-owned corporations and conducts supplementary audit of government companies in which the Government has an equity share of at least 51 percent or subsidiary companies of existing government companies.
  • The reports of the CAG are laid before the Parliament/Legislatures and are being taken up for discussion by the Public Accounts Committees (PACs) and Committees on Public Undertakings (COPUs), which are special committees in the Parliament of India and the state legislatures.

The CAG is ranked 9th and enjoys the same status as a sitting judge of Supreme Court of India in order of precedence.

G. C. Murmu is the current CAG of India. He assumed office on 8 August 2020. He is the 14th CAG of India.

Forty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India, 1978

Posted on by admin

Forty-fourth Constitution Amendment Act, 1978

Indian Polity Notes APSC, UPSC and State Exam Notes

Go To Indian Polity & Governance Notes                             Go To Assam Polity Notes

  • Restored the original term of the Lok Sabha and the state legislative assemblies.
  • Restored the provisions with regard to the quorum in the Parliament and state legislatures. 
  • Omitted the reference to the British House of Commons in the provisions pertaining to parliamentary privileges. 
  • Gave constitutional protection to publication in a newspaper of true reports of the proceedings of the Parliament and the state legislatures. 
  • Empowered the president to send back once the advice of the cabinet for reconsideration. But, the reconsidered advice is to be binding on the president. 
  • Deleted the provision which made the satisfaction of the president, governor, and administrators final in issuing ordinances. 
  • Restored some of the powers of the Supreme Court and high courts. 
  • Replaced the term ‘internal disturbance’ by ‘armed rebellion’ in respect of national emergency. 
  • Made the President declare a national emergency only on the written recommendation of the cabinet. 
  • Made certain procedural safeguards with respect to a national emergency and President’s rule. 
  • Deleted the right to property from the list of Fundamental Rights and made it only a legal right. 
  • Provided that the fundamental rights guaranteed by Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended during a national emergency. 
  • Omitted the provisions which took away the power of the court to decide the election disputes of the president, the vice-president, the prime minister and the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
Important Books for Assam General Knowledge 
  Economy of Assam
  Environment & Ecology
  Geography of Assam
  History of Britain
  Assam – Art & Culture
  History of Assam – Ahom and British Period
  History of Assam – Ancient Period

Go To Indian Polity & Governance Notes                  Go To Assam Polity Notes

Indian National Flag, Anthem, Song & State Emblem of India – Indian Polity Note for APSC Exam

Posted on by admin

Indian National Flag, Anthem, Song & State Emblem of India

Indian Polity Notes for APSC, UPSC and State Exams

Go To Indian Polity & Governance Notes                          Go To Assam Polity Notes

Indian National Flag
  • The Indian National Flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya. 
  • The national flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour flag of India saffron, white and India green; with the Ashoka Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre.
  • It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, and it became the official flag of the Dominion of India on 15 August 1947.
  • The flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India. In India, the term “tricolour” almost always refers to the Indian national flag.
  • Usage of the flag is governed by the Flag Code of India and other laws relating to the national emblems. The original code prohibited use of the flag by private citizens except on national days such as the Independence day and the Republic Day.
  • In 2002, on hearing an appeal from a private citizen, Naveen Jindal, the Supreme Court of India directed the Government of India to amend the code to allow flag usage by private citizens. Subsequently, the Union Cabinet of India amended the code to allow limited usage. The code was amended once more in 2005 to allow some additional use including adaptations on certain forms of clothing.
Indian National Anthem
  • The National Anthem of India Jana-gana-mana was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950. It was composed originally as Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore.
  • It was first sung on 27 December 1911 at the Kolkata Session of the Indian National Congress.
  • A formal rendition of the national anthem takes approximately 52 seconds.
Indian National Song
  • On 24 January 1950, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted “Vande Mataram” as a national song. It was composed by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. 
  • The poem was first published in 1882 as part of Chatterjee’s Bengali novel Anandmath. It is an ode to the motherland, personified as the “mother goddess” is later verses, of the people. Indian nationalist and philosopher Sri Aurobindo referred Vande Mataram as the “national Anthem of Bengal”.
  • The poem played a vital role in the Indian independence movement. It first gained political significance when it was recited by Rabindranath Tagore at Congress in 1896.
  • By 1905, it had become a popular amongst political activists and freedom fighters as a marching song. The song, as well as Anandmath, were banned under British colonial rule under threat of imprisonment, making its use revolutionary. The ban was ultimately overturned by the Indian government upon independence in 1947.
State Emblem of India
  • The State Emblem of India is the national emblem of the Republic of India and is used by the union government, many state governments, and other government agencies. The emblem is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka, an ancient sculpture originally erected at the Sarnath, dating back to 280 BCE during the Maurya Empire.
  • It became the emblem of the Dominion of India in December 1947. The emblem was adopted by the Government of India on January 26, 1950, the same day that India became a republic.
  • The emblem features four Asiatic lions standing back to back, symbolizing power, courage, confidence, and faith. The lions are mounted on a circular abacus and the abacus is mounted on a lotus. The wheel of the law, Dharmachakra, is in the center of the abacus. The wheel has 24 spokes, which symbolize the progress and evolution of human civilization.

Go To Indian Polity & Governance Notes                          Go To Assam Polity Notes

Balwant Rai Mehta Committee recommendations Panchayati Raj – APSC Exams Indian Polity Notes

Posted on by admin

Balwant Rai Mehta Committee recommendations Panchayati Raj

APSC Exams Indian Polity Notes

Go To Indian Polity & Governance Notes                             Go To Assam Polity Notes


Balwant Rai Mehta Committee

Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957) was the first committee that recommended the establishment of the scheme of ‘democratic decentralization’ which ultimately came to be known as Panchayati Raj. 

Rajasthan was the first state to establish Panchayati Raj. It was inaugurated in 1959 in Nagaur district. Rajasthan was followed by Andhra Pradesh, which also adopted the system in 1959.

Some of the major recommendations made by the committee are: 

  1. Establishment of a three-tier Panchayati raj system 

  2. The village Panchayat should be constituted with directly elected representatives, whereas the Panchayat Samiti and Zilla Parishad should be constituted with indirectly elected members

  3. All planning and developmental activities should be entrusted to these bodies. 

  4. The Panchayat Samiti should be the executive body while the Zilla Parishad should be the advisory, coordinating and supervisory body.

  5. The District Collector should be the Chairman of the Zilla Parishad.

  6. There should be a genuine transfer of power and responsibility to these democratic bodies. 

  7. Sufficient resources should be transferred to these bodies to enable them to discharge their functions and fulfil their responsibilities. 

  8. A system should be evolved to effect further devolution of authority in future. 

  9. Irrespective of political parties, elections has to be constituted for every 5 years in a genuine way.

Go To Indian Polity & Governance Notes                             Go To Assam Polity Notes

Charter Act of 1833 – Indian Polity Notes for APSC Exams

Posted on by admin

Charter Act of 1833

Indian Polity Notes APSC, UPSC and State Exam Notes

Go To Indian Polity & Governance Notes                             Go To Assam Polity Notes

Features of Charter Act of 1833:  

  1. It made the Governor-General of Bengal as the Governor-General of India and vested in him all civil and military powers.

  2. It deprived the governor of Bombay and Madras of their legislative powers. The Governor-General of India was given exclusive legislative powers for the entire British India. 

  3. The laws made under the previous acts were called as Regulations while laws made under this act were called as Acts.

  4. It ended the activities of the East India Company as a commercial body, which became a purely administrative body.

  5. This Act attempted to introduce a system of open competition for selection of civil servants, and stated that the Indians should not be debarred from holding any place, office and employment under the Company. However, this provision was negated after opposition from the Court of Directors.

Important Books for Assam General Knowledge 
  Economy of Assam
  Environment & Ecology
  Geography of Assam
  History of Britain
  Assam – Art & Culture
  History of Assam – Ahom and British Period
  History of Assam – Ancient Period

Government of India Act, 1858 – Indian Polity Notes for APSC Exam

Posted on by admin

Government of India Act, 1858

Indian Polity Notes APSC, UPSC and State Exam Notes

Go To Indian Polity & Governance Notes                             Go To Assam Polity Notes

Government of India Act, 1858

  1. Government of India Act, 1858 was also known as ‘Act for the Good government of India’.  

  2. It changed the designation of the Governor-General of India to that of Viceroy of India. He (viceroy) was the direct representative of the British Crown in India. Lord Canning thus became the first Viceroy of India.

  3. It ended the Dual government scheme initiated due to Pitt’s India act

  4. It ended the system of double government by abolishing the Board of Control and Court of Directors.

  5. It created a new office, Secretary of State for India, vested with complete authority and control over Indian administration. The secretary of state was a member of the British cabinet and was ultimately responsible to the British Parliament.

Go To Indian Polity & Governance Notes                             Go To Assam Polity Notes

Important Books for Assam General Knowledge 
  Economy of Assam
  Environment & Ecology
  Geography of Assam
  History of Britain
  Assam – Art & Culture
  History of Assam – Ahom and British Period
  History of Assam – Ancient Period

Peace Agreements of Assam & Northeast states – APSC Polity Notes

Posted on by admin

Peace Agreements of Assam & Northeast states

Assam Polity Notes for APSC, UPSC and other state exams

Go to Assam Polity Main Page                                          Go to Assam Notes Main Page

North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act 1971- Assamexam

Karbi-Anglong Peace Agreement

Karbi-Anglong Peace Agreement is a tripartite agreement among five insurgent groups of Assam, the Centre and the state government. This agreement is in synergy with the vision of Insurgency free prosperous North East, that envisages all-round development of northeast, peace and prosperity.

Highlights of the Karbi-Anglong Peace Agreement:

  • Karbi Outfits Surrendered: 5 militant organizations (KLNLF, PDCK, UPLA, KPLT and KLF) laid down arms and more than 1000 of their armed cadres have given up violence and joined the mainstream of society.

  • Special Development Package: A special development package of Rs. 1000 crore will be allocated over five years by the Central Government and the Assam Government to take up special projects for the development of Karbi areas.

  • More Autonomy to KAAC: This agreement will transfer as much autonomy as possible in exercising their rights to the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council, without affecting the territorial and administrative integrity of Assam.

  • The Agreement proposes to give more legislative, executive, administrative and financial powers to the KAAC.

  • Rehabilitation: A provision has been made in this agreement to rehabilitate the cadres of armed groups.

  • Development of Local People: The Government of Assam will set up a Karbi Welfare Council to focus on the development of the Karbi people living outside the KAAC area.

  • The Agreement will ensure the protection of the culture, identity, language, etc. of the Karbi people and all-round development of the region.

  • The Consolidated Fund of the State will be amended to meet the resources of the KAAC.



Some of the Peace Agreements related to Assam and Northeast:

NLFT Tripura Agreement, 2019:

  • National Liberation Front of Twipra (NLFT) has been banned under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 since 1997 and has been involved in violence, operating from their camps across the international border.

  • NLFT signed a Memorandum of Settlement on 10th of August, 2019 with the Government of India and Tripura.

  • A Special Economic Development Package (SEDP) of Rs.100 crore has been offered by the Government of India for a period of five years.

Bru Accord, 2020:

  • Bru or Reang is a community indigenous to Northeast India, living mostly in Tripura, Mizoram and Assam. In Tripura, they are recognised as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group.

  • In Mizoram, they have been targeted by groups that do not consider them indigenous to the state.

  • In 1997, following ethnic clashes, nearly 37,000 Brus fled Mizoram and were accommodated in relief camps in Tripura.

  • Permanent settlement of 6959 Bru families in Tripura with a financial package has been agreed between the Government of India, Tripura and Mizoram with representatives of Bru migrants.

Bodo Peace Accord:

  • Bodos are the single largest community among the notified Scheduled Tribes in Assam. They have been demanding a Bodo state since 1967-68.

  • In 2020, the Government of India, Government of Assam and representatives of Bodo groups signed an agreement, wherein the Bodoland Territorial Area District (BTAD) was redrawn and renamed as the Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR), in Assam.

Go to Assam Polity Main Page                                          Go to Assam Notes Main Page

 

APSC CCE Prelim 2020 GS Paper – Indian Polity & Governance sections Question Analysis

Posted on by admin

APSC CCE Prelim 2020 General Studies (GS) Paper-1 Questions Analysis

Questions from Indian Polity & Governance sections

Go to APSC CCE Prelim Previous Years Paper Analysis 

APSC prelims questions

Q3. As per the 2011 census, how many gaon panchayats are there in Assam?

  1. 2005
  2. 2100
  3. 2202
  4. 2305

Correct Option: (C) 2202

Assam is administratively divided into 33 district with 80 sub-division, 219 Development Blocks and 2202 Gaon Panchayats, out of which 3 districts with 4 sub-divisions & 16 Development Blocks are under three hill districts of Karbi-Along, East Karbi-Along & Dima Hasao. Further, four district with eight sub-divisions are under Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) area viz Kokrajhar, Chirang, Baska & Udalguri. The Brahmaputra valley consists of North Bank Plains Zone (NBPZ), Upper Brahmaputra valley Zone (UBVZ), Central Brahmaputra valley Zone (CBVZ) and Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone (LBVZ), whereas the Barak Valley Zone mainly consists of plain area of three districts, viz. Cachar, Karimganj & Hailakandi.

Topic to focus: Self-Government in Assam

Growth of Local Self-Government in Assam

Panchayat Raj System in Assam, Assam Panchayat Act, 1994 (Self Governance)

 

Q9. Which of the following Articles empower the Governor to appoint the Chairman and other members of a State Public Service Commission?

  1. Article 314
  2. Article 315
  3. Article 316
  4. Article 317

Correct Option: (C) Article 316

Article 316 in The Constitution Of India: The Chairman and other members of a Public Service Commission shall be appointed, in the case of the Union Commission or a Joint Commission, by the President, and in the case of a State Commission, by the Governor of the State.

Topic to focus: UPSC & State Public Service Commission

About Assam Public Service Commission (APSC) – AssamExam

Q10. Who was the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha of Indian Parliament?

  1. Hukum Singh
  2. K.S. Hegde
  3. M.A. Ayyangar
  4. G.V. Mavalankar

Correct Option: (D) G.V Mavalankar

Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar (27 November 1888 – 27 February 1956) popularly known as Dadasaheb was an independence activist, the President (from 1946 to 1947) of the Central Legislative Assembly, then Speaker of the Constituent Assembly of India, and later the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. His son Purushottam Mavalankar was later elected to the Lok Sabha twice from Gujarat.

Topic to focus: Origin of Indian Parliament

 

Q11. Who was India’s Prime Minister when the government introduced the modern Panchayati Raj system by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act and gave it constitutional status?

  1. P.V. Narasimha Rao
  2. Vishwanath Pratap Singh
  3. Atal Bihari Vajpayee
  4. Chandra Shekhar

Correct Option: (A) P.V. Narasimha Rao

It was under P.V. Narasimha Rao that the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, better known as the Panchayati Raj Act, became effective.

Topic to focus: Important Constitutional Amendments

 

Q12. Which among the following schedules of Indian Constitution is related to division of powers between Union and States?

  1. Schedule VIII
  2. Schedule VII
  3. Schedule XI
  4. Schedule XIVI

Correct Option: (B) Schedule VII

The Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India defines and specifies allocation of powers and functions between Union & States. It contains three lists; i.e. 1) Union List, 2) State List and 3) Concurrent List.[1] Originally there was 97 subjects in union list but now it is 100 subjects in union list. And in state list there was 66 subjects but now it is 61 subjects. And in concurrent list there was 47 subjects but now it iss 52 subjects in concurrent list.

Topic to focus: Federalism & Centre-State relations 

 Q14. When did the 1st amendment of the Indian Constitution take place?

  1. June 18, 1951
  2. June 18, 1952
  3. July 18, 1953
  4. July 18, 1954

Correct Option: (A) 18 June 1951

The Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, enacted in 1951, made several changes to the Fundamental Rights provisions of the Indian constitution. It provided means to restrict freedom of speech and expression, validation of zamindari abolition laws, and clarified that the right to equality does not bar the enactment of laws which provide “special consideration” for weaker sections of society.

The formal title of the amendment is the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951. It was moved by the then Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, on 10 May 1951 and enacted by Parliament on 18 June 1951.

Topic to focus: Important Constitutional Amendments

 

Q16. Under Art 368, the Parliament has no power to repeal fundamental rights because they are

  1. Integral part of basic structure of the constitution.
  2. Integral part of human rights
  3. Enshrined under Part III
  4. All of the above

Correct Option: (A) Integral part of basic structure of the Constitution

In the landmark Kesavananda Bharati case (1973, while defining the concept of the basic structure doctrine, the SC held that although no part of the Constitution, including Fundamental Rights, was beyond the Parliament’s amending power, the “basic structure of the Constitution could not be abrogated even by a constitutional amendment.”

Topic to focus: Constitution of India

 

Q17. The concept of dual citizenship in the Union of India to the ‘Persons of Indian Origin’ belonging to some specific countries was recommended by

  1. Ashok Mehta Committee
  2. L.M. Singhvi Committee
  3. Rajamannar Committee
  4. Balwant Rai Mehta Committee

Correct Option: (B) L. M Singhvi Committee

Topic to focus: Citizenship provision

 

Q18. Equal opportunity in matters of employment is guaranteed under Article?

  1. 14
  2. 15
  3. 16
  4. 17

Correct Option: (C) Article 16

Article 16 is provided to all citizens of the country. Article 16 covers the following aspects:-

  • There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the state.

  • No discrimination on basis of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them in respect of office/employment under the state.

  • Parliament can make laws in regard to class/classes of employment or appointment of office prior to such employment or appointment.

  • State can make provision for reservation of appointment or post in favour of any backward class.

  • State can also do a reservation for promotion and consequential seniority of SC, STs.

  • State can make the separate classes of vacancies from the unfilled vacancies of year for determining the ceiling of 50% of reservation on total vacancy.

Topic to focus: Important Articles of the Indian Constitution

 

Q19. Which of the following Fundamental Rights are available only to citizens of India?

  1. Right to equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
  2. Equality before Law
  3. Right to freedom of religion
  4. Right to freedom under Article 19
  1. 1, 2, 3 and 4
  2. 1 and 4
  3. 1, 2 and 3
  4. 2 and 4

Correct Option: (B) 1 and 4

Fundamental rights available to both citizens and foreigners except enemy aliens

  • Article 14 – Equality before the law and equal protection of laws.
  • Article 20 – Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
  • Article 21 – Protection of life and personal liberty.
  • Article 21A – Right to elementary education.
  • Article 22 – Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
  • Article 23 – Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
  • Article 24 – Prohibition of employment of children in factories etc.
  • Article 25 – Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
  • Article 26 – Freedom to manage religious affairs.
  • Article 27 – Freedom from payment of taxes for promotion of any religion.
  • Article 28 – Freedom from attending religious instruction or worship in certain educational institutions.

Fundamental Rights Available Only to Citizens of India

  • Article 15 – Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
  • Article 16 – Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
  • Article 19 – Protection of six rights related to freedom – (a) of speech and expression; (b) to assemble peaceably and without arms; (c) to form associations or unions; (d) to move freely throughout the territory of India; (e) to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India; and (f) to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
  • Article 29 – Protection of language, script and culture of minorities.
  • Article 30 – Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.

Topic to focus: Fundamental Rights

Fundamental Rights (Articles 12-35) – Polity Notes for APSC – AssamExam

Source of Answer

The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.

16.2.4 Right to Freedom of Religion

As you know, one of the objectives declared in the Preamble is “to secure to all

its citizens liberty of belief, faith and worship”. Since India is a multi-religion country, where Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians and many other communities live together, the Constitution declares India as a ‘secular state’. It means that Indian State has no religion of its own. But it allows full freedom to all the citizens to have faith in any religion and to worship, the way they like. But this should not interfere with the religious beliefs and ways of worship of other fellow beings. This freedom is available to the foreigners as well.

Q20. In the Indian Constitution, the method of election of the President is taken from which country?

  1. Ireland
  2. England
  3. USA
  4. Australia

Correct Option: (A) Ireland

Topic to focus: Election of President of India

List of Borrowed Features of Indian Constitution – Polity Notes for APSC Exam – AssamExam

Q21. As per the tripartite Assam Accord signed among GoI, Assam Govt and leaders of Assam agitation on 15th August 1985, what was set up as the cutoff date for detection and deportation of illegal migrants in Assam?

  1. 1st January 1951
  2. 15th August 1967
  3. 26th January 1970
  4. 24th March 1971

Correct Option: (D) 24th March, 1971

Topic to focus: Political issues in Assam

Assam Accord (1985) – Assam Polity Notes – AssamExam


Q30. The Department of Act East Policy Affairs under the government of Assam was set up in

  1. 2012
  2. 2015
  3. 2017
  4. 2020

Correct Option: (C) The Department of Act East Policy Affairs (AEPA) of the Assam Government has been set up in 2017.

Topic to focus: Policies/Legislations wrt Assam & Northeast

 

Q13. The concepts of ‘Integral Humanism’ and ‘Antyodaya’ were associated with which of the following visionary thinkers of India?

  1. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
  2. Mahatma Gandhi
  3. Deendayal Upadhyay
  4. Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Correct Option: (C) Deendayal Upadhyaya

Integral humanism was a set of concepts drafted by Deendayal Upadhyaya as a political program and adopted in 1965 as the official doctrine of the Jan Sangh and later BJP.

APSC Mains 2020 Political Science & International Relations (PSIR) Paper I

Posted on by admin

APSC Mains 2020 Political Science & International Relations (PSIR) Paper I

145 Marks from Adhikary Education’s APSC Mains Test Series 2020 – PSIR

145 marks worth Questions were asked in APSC CCE (Main) 2020 – Political Science and International Relations (PSIR) Paper 1 which were asked in our APSC Mains Test Series 2020 (Pol. Sc. Optional). This is a testimony to our continuous efforts to provide the best quality materials for the APSC Prelims and Mains Exam 2020 to assist better preparation of the aspirants. 

APSC CCE (Main) 2020 Political Science and International Relations (PSIR) - Paper I

Section-A

Q1. Comment on the following in about: 150 words each:   10×5=50

(a) Neo-liberal critique of welfare State.
Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 1: Q18

(b) Universalism and cultural relativism in human rights

(c) Sri Aurobindo’s views on cultural nationalism

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 1: Q4

(d) Aristotle’s theory of revolution

(e) Limits of representative democracy

Q2. (a) Explain John Locke’s concept of natural rights as a limitation or the power of the government. 20

(b) Explain the communitarian critique of the Rawls theory of justice.    15

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 1: Q9

(c) Discuss feminist theory of the State Advanced Studies. 15

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 1: Q14

Q3. (a) Bring out the major similarities and differences in the thought of Gandhi and Ambedkar on the questions of caste and modernity. 20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 1: Q6 partial

(b) Examine the relationship between power, authority and legitimacy. 15

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series  Test 1: Q13 partial

(c) Explain Gramsci’s concept of hegemony. 15

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 1: Q10

Q4. (a) Discuss the recent trends in Marxist understanding of domination and exploitation in capitalist society. 20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 3: Q1 partial

(b) Discuss Hannah Arendt’s views on the origin of totalitarianism. 15

(c) Explicate Plato’s theory of ideal State with special reference to his views on the rule of philosopher king. 15

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 3: Q3

Section-B

Q5. Comment on the following in about 150 words each: 10×5=50

(a) Significance of public interest litigation (PIL) in Indian justice delivery system

(b) The Armed Forces Special Powers Act and civil liberties

(c) Role of the President in the working of the Parliamentary system of the Government in India

(d) Significance of 73rd and 74th Amendments of the Constitution of India

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 3: Q10 partial

(e) Marxist perspective on Indian National Movement

Q6. (a) “In attaining our ideals, our means should be as pure as the end.” Discuss the statement in connection with the Indian Freedom Struggle. 20

(b) Evaluate the success of the Election Commission of India in ensuring free and fair elections. 15

(c) Examine the Gandhian perspective of development and its relevance in the present context. 15

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 3: Q9 indirect

Q7. (a) “Indian politics is both coalitional and regionalized.” Discuss the contemporary trends in Indian party system in the light of the above statement. 20

(b) Discuss the role of caste in Indian politics with special reference to the views of Rajni Kothari. 15

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 5: Q3 partial

(c) “The nature of Indian federalism can be better understood in terms of its actual operation..” Comment. 15

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 1: Q7 & Test 3: Q4

Q8. (a) Discuss the debate over updation of the National Register of Citizens and Citizenship (Amer.dment) Act, 2019 in the context of Assam. 20

(b) Explain the response of Indian State in handling the COVID 19 pandemic. 15

(c) Examine the role of the Indian Parliament in the era of coalition politics. 15

 

A total of questions worth 145 Marks in APSC CC(Mains) Exam 2020 – Polity Paper 1, were matched with the questions of our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series.