Category: apsc polity

Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 – Polity Notes for APSC Exam

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Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019

Polity Notes for APSC, UPSC and State exams

Go to Indian Polity Notes Go to GS – Polity Section Notes

The Parliament passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill 2019 which received the President’s assent to become an Act. The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 seeks to amend the Citizenship Act, 1955.

The Citizenship Act,1955 provides various ways in which citizenship may be acquired. It provides for citizenship by birth, descent, registration, naturalisation and by incorporation of the territory into India.

In addition, it regulates the registration of Overseas Citizen of India Cardholders (OCIs) and their rights. An OCI is entitled to some benefits such as a multiple-entry, multipurpose lifelong visa to visit India.

The Citizenship (Amendment) Act

The Citizenship (Amendment) Act grants citizenship to the Hindus, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhist, Jains and Parsis  fromfrom India’s three Muslim-majority neighbours – Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh who had arrived in India before 31 December 2014, facing religious persecution in the three nations.

This amendment is of the Citizenship Act, 1955 which requires the applicant to haveresided in India for 11 of the previous 14 years. Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016relaxes this requirement from 11 years to six years, for Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians from the three nations.The Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019further reduces the period of naturalisation for such group of persons from six years to five years.

CAA not applicable to Areas

  • The Act does not apply to tribal areas of Tripura, Mizoram, Assam and Meghalaya because of being included in the 6th Schedule of the Constitution.
  • Also areas that fall under the Inner Limit notified under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873, will also be outside the Act’s purview. This keeps almost entire Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Nagaland out of the ambit of the Act.

Why protest against CAA 2019

In the northeast, the protest is against the Act’s implementation in their areas, as people fear that if implemented, the Act will cause a rush of immigrants that may alter their demographic and linguistic uniqueness.

The CAA 219 contradicts the Assam Accord (1985), which states that illegal migrants, irrespective of religion, heading in from Bangladesh after March 25, 1971, would be deported.

A huge no. of illegal Bangladeshi migrants are present in Assam and they have inalienably altered the demography of the state, besides putting a severe strain on the state’s resources and economy.

It is violative of Article 14 of the Constitution (which guarantees the right to equality and applicable to both the citizens and foreigners) and the principle of secularism enshrined in the preamble of the constitution.

The Act does not covered several other refugees that include Tamils from Sri Lanka and Hindu Rohingya from Myanmar.

It will be difficult to differentiate between illegal migrants and those persecuted.

The base of the CAA is religious oppression in these three countries and thus, may worsen our bilateral ties with them.

  How is citizenship acquired in India?   In India, citizenship is regulated by the Citizenship Act, 1955. The Act specifies that citizenship may be acquired in India through five methods – by birth in India, by descent, through registration, by naturalisation (extended residence in India), and by incorporation of territory into India.  

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List of Chief Ministers of Assam since 1937 – Polity of Assam APSC Notes

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List of Chief Ministers of Assam since 1937 – Polity of Assam APSC Notes

Assam Polity - Assamexam

Go To Assam Polity Notes & Study Materials                       Go To Assam Polity Quiz MCQ

The Chief Minister of Assam is the de facto head of the Government of Assam. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. The chief minister’s term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.

  • Gopinath Bordoloi, the first Chief Minister of Assam
  • Anwara Taimur, India’s first female Muslim chief minister.

List of Chief Minister of Assam since 1937

Sl. Name & Photograph From To
1. Maulavi Saiyid Sir Muhammad Saadulla, Premier April 1, 1937 September 19, 1938
2. Gopinath Bordoloi, Premier September 19, 1938 November 17, 1939
3. Maulavi Saiyid Sir Muhammad Saadulla, Premier November 17, 1939 December 24, 1941
4. Maulavi Saiyid Sir Muhammad Saadulla, Premier August 25, 1942 February 11, 1946
5. Gopinath Bordoloi, Premier February 11, 1946 August 6, 1950
6. Bishnu Ram Medhi August 9, 1950 December 27, 1957
7. B.P. Chaliha December 28, 1957 November 6, 1970
8. Mohendra Mohan Choudhury November 11, 1970 January 30, 1972
9. Shri Sarat Chandra Sinha January 31, 1972 March 12, 1978
10. Shri Golap Borbora March 12, 1978 September 4, 1979
11. Shri Jogendra Nath Hazarika September 9, 1979 December 11, 1979
12. Shrimati Anowara Taimur December 6, 1980 June 30, 1981
13. Shri Kesab Chandra Gogoi January 13, 1982 March 19, 1982
14. Shri Hiteswar Saikia February 27, 1983 December 23, 1985
15. Shri Prafulla Kumar Mahanta December 24, 1985 November 27, 1990
16. Shri Hiteswar Saikia June 30, 1991 April 22, 1996
17. Dr. Bhumidhar Barman April 22, 1996 May 14, 1996
18. Shri Prafulla Kumar Mahanta May 15, 1996 May, 17, 2001
19. Shri Tarun Gogoi May 17, 2001 –
20. Shri Sarbananda Sonowal May 24, 2016  
 

Important Articles of Indian Constitution – APSC Exam Notes

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Important Articles of Indian Constitution

Indian Polity Notes APSC, UPSC and State Exam Notes

Go To Indian Polity & Governance Notes                             Go To Assam Polity Notes

Indian Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and became effective on 26 January 1950.

The original constitution is hand-written, with each page decorated by artists like Beohar Rammanohar Sinha and Nandalal Bose. Its calligrapher was Prem Behari Narain Raizada.

It originally had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules. But in the due course, many other articles and three other parts were added to it by subsequent constitutional amendments. The constitution now has about 450 articles in 25 parts. The Indian constitution is the world’s longest for a sovereign nation.

All the articles are not needed to be remembered but aspirants should have good idea about the nature and salient features of the Indian Constitution. And they must know the most important Articles of the Indian Constitution.

Important Books for Assam General Knowledge 
  Economy of Assam
  Environment & Ecology
  Geography of Assam
  History of Britain
  Assam – Art & Culture
  History of Assam – Ahom and British Period
  History of Assam – Ancient Period

 

Most Important Articles of Indian Constitution

Part I ( Article 1 to Article 4)
  • Article 1- Name and territory of the union.
  • Article 2 – Admission and Establishment of the new state.
  • Article 3 – Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, and the name of existing states.

 

Part II ( Article 5 to Article 11 )
  • Article 5 – Citizenship at the commencement of the constitution.
  • Article 6- Rights of citizenship of a certain person who has migrated to India from Pakistan.
  • Article 10- continuance of rights of citizenship.
  • Article 11- Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.

Part III ( Article 12 to Article 35 )
  • Article 12- Definition of the state
  • Article 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.
    Originally, the constitution had 7 basic Fundamental Rights, now there are only six rights. Right to property under Article 31 was deleted from the list of fundamental rights by 44th amendment act 1978 and it is made a legal right under Article 300-A.
  • Part III of the Constitution is described as the Magna Carta of India. ‘Magna Carta’, the Charter of Rights issued by King John of England in 1215 was the first written document relating to the Fundamental Rights of citizens. 
  • The Constitution of India provides for six Fundamental Rights: Right to equality (Articles 14–18) Right to freedom (Articles 19–22) Right against exploitation (Articles 23–24) Right to freedom of religion (Articles 25–28) Cultural and educational rights (Articles 29–30) Right to constitutional remedies (Article 32)

 

Important Fundamental Rights

RIGHT TO EQUALITY: Article 14 to Article 18

  • Article 14- Equality before the law.
  • Article 15- Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex. Or place of birth.
  • Article 16- Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
  • Article 17- Abolition of the untouchability.
  • Article 18- Abolition of titles

RIGHT TO FREEDOM: Article 19 to Article 22

  • Article 19 guarantees to all the citizens the six rights
    (a) Right to freedom of speech and expression.
    (b) Right to assemble peacefully and without arms.
    (c) Right to form associations or unions.
    (d) Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
    (e) Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
    (f) Right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade, and business.
  • Article 20- Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
  • Article 21-Protection of life and personal liberty.
  • Article 21A – Right To Education
  • Article 22- Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.

 

RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION: Article 23 to Article 24

  • Article 23- Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
  • Article 24- Prohibition of employment of children in factories and mines under age of 14.

 

RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION: Article 25 to Article 28

  • Article 25 – Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
  • Article 26 – Freedom to manage religious affairs.
  • Article 27 – Freedom as to pay taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
  • Article 28 – Freedom from attending religious instruction.

 

CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS: Article 29 to Article 30

  • Article 29 – Protection of interest of minorities.
    Article 30 – Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.

 

Right to constitutional remedies : Articles 32 to Articles 35

  • Article 32 – Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
  • These empowers the citizens to move to a court of law in case of any denial of the fundamental rights.
  • The courts can issue various kinds of writs protecting the rights of the citizens. 
  1. habeas corpus
  2. mandamus
  3. Writ of Prohibition
  4. quo warranto
  5. certiorari
  • This allows a citizen to move to court if they believe that any of their Fundamental Rights have been violated by the State.
  • Dr. B. R. Ambedkar declared the right to constitutional remedies “the heart and soul” of the Indian constitution. 

 

Part IV - Directive Principal of states Policy ( Article 36 to Article 51 )
  • Article 36- Definition
  • Article 37- Application of DPSP
  • Article 39A- Equal justice and free legal aid
  • Article 40- Organisation of village panchayat
  • Article 41- Right to work, to education, and to public assistance in certain cases
  • Article 43- Living Wages, etc. for Workers.
  • Article 43A- Participation of workers in management of industries.
  • Article 44- Uniform civil code.( applicable in Goa only)
  • Article 45- Provision for free and compulsory education for children.
  • Article 46- Promotion of educational and economic interest of scheduled castes, ST, and OBC.
  • Article 47-Duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
  • Article 48-Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.
  • Article 49- Protection of monuments and places and objects of natural importance.
  • Article 50- Separation of judiciary from the executive.
  • Article 51- Promotion of international peace and security.

Part IVA - Fundamental Duties ( Article 51A )
  • Article 51A – Specifies the Fundamental Duties of every citizen
  • It contains, originally 10 duties, now it contains 11 duties by 86th amendments act 2002.

 

Part V ( Article 52 to Article 151 ) - Union
  • Article 52- The President of India
  • Article 53- Executive Power of the union.
  • Article 54- Election of President
  • Article 61- Procedure for Impeachment of the President.
  • Article 63- The Vice-president of India.
  • Article 64- The Vice-President to be ex-officio chairman the Council of States.
  • Article 66-Election of Vice-president.
  • Article 72-Pardoning powers of President.
  • Article 74- Council of Ministers to aid and advise the President.
  • Article 76- Attorney-General for India.
  • Article 79- Constitution of Parliament
  • Article 80- Composition of Rajya Sabha.
  • Article 81- Composition of Lok Sabha.
  • Article 83- Duration of Houses of Parliament.
  • Article 93- The speakers and Deputy speakers of the house of the people.
  • Article 105- Powers, Privileges, etc of the House of Parliament.
  • Article 109- Special procedure in respect of money bills
  • Article 110- Definition of “Money Bills”.
  • Article 112- Annual Financial Budget.
  • Article 114-Appropriation Bills.
  • Article 123- Powers of the President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of parliament.
  • Article 124- Establishment of Supreme Court.
  • Article 125- Salaries of Judges.
  • Article 126- Appointment of acting Chief justice.
  • Article 127- Appointment of ad-hoc judges.
  • Article 128-Attendance of a retired judge at sitting of the Supreme Court.
  • Article 129- Supreme court to be a court of Record.
  • Article 130- Seat of the Supreme court.
  • Article 136- Special leaves for appeal to the Supreme Court.
  • Article 137- Review of judgement or orders by the Supreme court.
  • Article 141-Decision of the Supreme Court binding on all the courts.
  • Article 148- Comptroller and Auditor- General of India
  • Article 149- Duties and Powers of CAG.

 

Part VI ( Article 152 to Article 237) - States
  • Article 153- Governors of State
  • Article 154- Executive Powers of Governor.
  • Article 161- Pardoning powers of the Governor.
  • Article 165- Advocate-General of the State.
  • Article 213- Power of Governor to promulgate ordinances.
  • Article 214- High Courts for states.
  • Article 215- High Courts to be a court of record.
  • Article 226- Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.
  • Article 233- Appointment of District judges.
  • Article 235- Control over Sub-ordinate Courts.

 

Part VII – Article 238 – Repealed

Part VIII – Article 239-242 – Union Territories

 

Part IX ( Article 243 to Article 243 O) - Panchayats
  • Article 243A- Gram Sabha
  • Article 243B- Constitution of Panchayats

 

Part IX-A – 243 P-243 ZG – Municipalities

Part IX-B – 243 ZH-243 ZT- Co-operative Societies

Part X – Scheduled and Tribal Areas -244

Part XI – Center- State Relations 245 – 263

 

Part XII ( Article 264 to Article 300 A) - Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits
  • Article 266- Consolidated Fund and Public Accounts Fund
  • Article 267- Contingency Fund of India
  • Article 280- Finance Commission
  • Article 300-A- Right to property.

 

Part XIII ( Article 301 to Article 307) - Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the territories of India
  • Article 301-Freedom to trade, commerce, and intercourse.
  • Article 302- Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce, and intercourse.
  • Part 14: Services Under Center and State (308-323)
  • Article 312- All- India-Service.
  • Article 315- Public service commissions for the union and for the states
  • Article 320- Functions of Public Service Commission.

 

Part XIV-A ( Article 323A to Article 323B) - Tribunals
  • Article 323A- Administrative Tribunals

 

Part XV ( Article 324 to Article 329) - Elections
  • Article 324-Superintendence, direction and control of Elections to be vested in an Election Commission.
  • Article 325- No person to be ineligible for inclusion in or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste, or sex.
  • Article 326- Elections to the house of the people and to the legislative assemblies of states to be on the basis of adult suffrage.

 

Part XVI ( Article 330 to Article 342) - Special Provisions to SC, ST, OBC, Minorities etc
  • Article 338- National Commission for the SC, & ST.
  • Article 340- Appointment of a commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes.

 

Part XVII ( Article 343 to Article 351) - Official Language
  • Article 343- Official languages of the Union.
  • Article 345- Official languages or languages of states.
  • Article 348- Languages to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts.
  • Article 351-Directive for development of the Hindi languages.

 

Part XVIII ( Article 352 to Article 360) - Emergency
  • Article 352- Proclamation of emergency ( National Emergency).
  • Article 356- State Emergency (President’s Rule)
  • Article 360- Financial Emergency

 

Part XIX ( Article 361 to Article 367) - Miscellaneous
  • Article 361- Protection of President and Governors

 

Part XX – Article 368 – Amendment of Constitution

Part XXI – Article 369 to Article 392 – Special, Transitional and Temporary Provisions

  • Article 370 – Special provision of J&K.
  • Article 371A – Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland
  • Article 371-J: Special Status for Hyderabad-Karnataka region

 

Part XXII – Article 392 to Article 395 – Short Text, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals

  • Article 393 – Short title – This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India.

Article 395 Repeals India Independence Act and Government of India Act, 1935

Important Books for Assam General Knowledge 
  Economy of Assam
  Environment & Ecology
  Geography of Assam
  History of Britain
  Assam – Art & Culture
  History of Assam – Ahom and British Period
  History of Assam – Ancient Period

Go To Indian Polity & Governance Notes                             Go To Assam Polity Notes

APSC Prelim 2018 GS Paper – Analysis of Polity Section Questions

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APSC Prelim 2018 GS Paper – Polity Section Questions Analysis

Polity is very important sections in any General Studies papers and in APSC GS Paper too, a significant number of Questions are asked from these sections. So, analyzing the previous years Qs from these section can be very helpful to understand Focus Areas to study more extensively.

 

75. Which Articles of the Indian Constitution deal with Right of Equality?

a. Article 14 to 18
b. Article 19 to 22
c. Article 22 to 24
d. Articles 25 to 30

Focus Areas: Fundamental Rights

Read more – Important Articles of Indian Constitution

76. Which Amendment incorporated the Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution?

a. 40th Amendment
b. 42nd Amendment
c. 44th Amendment
d. None of the above

Focus Areas: Fundamental Duties, Amendments

Q77. In India, who appointer(s) the District Judges?

a. The Governor
b. The Judges of the High Court
c. The Chief Minister
d. The President

Focus Areas: Judiciary

78. Which of the following regional parties was formed prior to India’s Independence?

a. DMK
b. AIADMK
c. Assom Gana Parishad
d. Shiromani Akali Dal

Focus Areas: Politics

79. Which of the following is not a feature of Panchyati Raj system?

a. Their-tier structure
b. Direct election
c. Reservation of seats
d. None of the above

Focus Areas: Panchyati Raj System

80. The North-Eastern Areas (Re-organisation) Act was passed in the year

a. 1981
b. 1972
c. 1970
d. 1971

Focus Areas: Assam & NE related Acts

81. In India, the RTI Act came into force on
a. 15th June, 2005
b. 15th August, 2005
c. 12th October, 2005
d. 1st November, 2005

Focus Areas: RTI

82. What is the proportion of seats reserved for women as the Chairperson in the Gram Panchayat?
a. ½
b. 1/3
c. 2/3
d. ¼

Focus Areas: Panchyati Raj System

83. Which Article of the Indian Constitution gives authority to impose central rule if there has been failure of the constitutional machinery in any State of India?

a. Article 356
b. Article 256
c. Article 2
d. Article 3

Focus Areas: Emergency Provisions

Read more – Important Articles of Indian Constitution


84. Which of the following is not a feature of the Indian Constitution?
a. Democratic
b. Presidential
c. Republic
d. Federal

Focus Areas: Indian Constitution features

85. The Constitution of India is parliamentary because
a. There is an elected President
b. There is a Supreme Court
c. There is a Parliament
d. The Executive is responsible to the Legislature

Focus Areas: Indian Constitution features

 

86. Right to Education is a fundamental right under the

a. Article 22 A
b. Article 21 A
c. Article 23
d. Article 24

Focus Areas: Fundamental Rights, RTE

Read more – Important Articles of Indian Constitution

87. Which of the following Schedules deals with the Administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram?

a. Fifth
b. Sixth
c. Seventh
d. Eighth

Focus Areas: Assam & NE related Administration, Scheduled Areas

88. The Council of Ministers includes
a. The Cabinet Ministers
b. The state Ministers
c. The Deputy Ministers
d. All of them

Focus Areas : State Government

NCERT Books (Download) – Polity Books & Study Material for APSC Civil Services Exam 

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NCERT Books (Download) – Polity Study Material for APSC Assam Civil Services Exam 

Download Polity (Political Science) NCERT Textbook 

 

Political Science study materials - APSC - Assam exam

 

We always recommend to start APSC Preparation with NCERT books. The importance of NCERT books in preparation of APSC/ UPSC/ TPSC and other exams can’t be over emphasized.

“NCERT books can be considered as the Preamble of the whole range of study materials for APSC/ UPSC/ other PSCs Civil Services exams preparation.”

Aspirants should always start their preparation from the NCERT textbooks of Class 6 to 12. It creates a very strong foundation of knowledge base required for clearing these exams. Most of the successful candidates recommends for judicious following of NCERT books for APSC/ UPSC/ other PSCs preparation. Aspirants should focus on the NCERT books for General Studies (GS), History + Art & Culture, Geography, Economics, Political Science, Sociology etc for APSC Prelims and Mains Exams.

 

Why NCERT Books are BEST?
  • NCERT books are easily accessible and available for FREE to everyone from rural and urban candidates (“Make Competition Inclusive and Fair”)
  • NCERT books is simple and lucid language, as these are written for school students, so are very easy to understand topics and concepts.
  • NCERT books provides important basic information about the subjects/topic and mostly objective, reliable and unbiased.
  • APSC/ UPSC/ other PSCs and other agency regards NCERT books as authentic source for reference.

Download Polity (Political Science) NCERT Textbook 

Class XII – Political Science II: Contemporary World Politics
Chapter 1: The Cold War Era
Chapter 2: The End of Bipolarity
Chapter 3: US Hegemony in World Politics
Chapter 4: Alternative Centres of Power
Chapter 5: Contemporary South Asia
Chapter 6: International Organisations
Chapter 7: Security in the Contemporary World
Chapter 8: Environment and Natural Resources
Chapter 9: Globalisation
 
 Download Complete Book PDF
 
 
 
 

Go to History Study Material for APSC Mains Exam

Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council (KAAC) – Assam Polity Notes & Study Materials

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Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council (KAAC) – Assam Polity Notes & Study Materials

Assam Polity - Assamexam

The history of Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council draws back from 1940, when a handful of energetic Karbi Youth formed an organization with name and style of Karbi Adurbar and initiated for preserving the political and traditional identity of the tribe.

On 28th October 1940, Sir Robert Reid, K.C.S, K.C.S.I, K.C.S.E., I.C.S, His Excellency the Governor of Assam of the British Indian regime visited the partially excluded area then called the Mikir Hills track and halted at Mohendijua. On his August visit, the Mikir Leaders led by Semson Sing Engti, Song Bey,Moniram Langneh, Khorsing Terang, MLA of Assam Legislative Assembly, and others submitted a memorandum to his excellency the Governor of Assam, demanding political identity of Mikir people residing in different districts of Assam.

In continuation of the process, on 18th May 1947, the memorandum was placed before the Bordoloi Committee. The Karbi Adurbar further stressed its demand for local council with independent setup of legislative and judicial functions. Subsequently, after long and continued demand from pre independent India, the Government of India passed the bill in Lok Sabha in the year 1951 and Sri. Rajendra Prasad, the President of India finally assented to the creation of United Mikir and North Cachar Hills District.

The district of United Mikir and North Cachar Hills district was bifurcated into two separate districts under banner as “Mikir Hills” and North Cachar Hills district in 1970.

The Mikir Hill district was again rechristened as “Karbi Anglong District” w.e.f. the 14th October’1976. Thus Karbi Anglong came into being as a full fledged separate district in the map of Assam with its Head quarter at Diphu. The district enjoys autonomy under the provision of Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. It is the largest district of Assam with a total geographical area of 10, 434 Sq. Kilometer.

With, vigorously changed political development in early 95’s and their subsequent signing of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the 1st April 1996 with the Government of India and the Government of Assam, the Karbi Anglong District Council was renamed as the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council [KAAC] by an Act of Parliament by incorporating the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 1995 to the Constitution of India granting greater autonomy to the Council, and entrusted 30 (thirty) more department to Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council alongwith other sponsored schemes for the welfare of indigenous people.

Further, a tripartite Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) was signed between the Central Government, Government of Assam and United People’s Democratic Solidarity (UPDS) in the presence of Union Home Minister Shri P. Chidambaram and Assam Chief Minister Shri Tarun Gogoi in accordance with which the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council will be re-christened as KARBI ANGLONG AUTONOMOUS TERRITORIAL COUNCIL.

On the 15th of August 2015, the district was further bifurcated into two districts, namely Karbi Anglong and West Karbi Anglong Districts. As such the purview of the present Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council (KAAC) has jurisdiction over two full fledged districts.

Study Materials & Notes | Assam Current Affairs | Assam Current Affairs Quiz 

North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971 – Assam / Northeast Polity Notes

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North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971 - Assam/Northeast Polity Notes
Assam Polity - Assamexam

Go To Assam Polity Notes & Study Materials                                                                Go To Assam Polity Quiz MCQ

On 21 January 1972, the North East Reorganization Act 1972 provide for the establishment of the States of Manipur and Tripura and to provide for the formation of the State of Meghalaya and of the Union territories of Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh by reorganisation of the existing State of Assam and for matters connected therewith.

  • The High Court of Assam and Nagaland shall cease to function and is hereby abolished;
  • There shall be a common High Court for the States of Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura to be called the Gauhati High Court (the High Court of Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura);
  • The Judges of the High Court of Assam and Nagaland holding office immediately before that day shall, unless they have elected otherwise, become on that day the Judges of the common High Court.
  • The common High Court shall have, in respect of the territories comprised in the States of Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, and Tripura, all such jurisdiction, powers and authority as under the law in force immediately before the appointed day, are exercisable in respect of those territories by the High Court of Assam and Nagaland or the Court of the Judicial Commissioner for Manipur, or the Court of the Judicial Commissioner for Tripura, as the case may be.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STATE OF MANIPUR

There shall be established a new State, to be known as the State of Manipur, comprising the territories which immediately before that day were comprised in the Union territory of Manipur.

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STATE OF TRIPURA

There shall be established a new State, to be known as the State of Tripura, comprising the territories which immediately before that day were comprised in the Union territory of Tripura.

FORMATION OF THE STATE OF MEGHALAYA

There shall be formed a new State, to be known as the State of Meghalaya, comprising –

(a) the territories which immediately before that day were comprised in the autonomous State of Meghalaya formed undersection 3-of the Assam Reorganisation (Meghalaya) Act, 1969-; and

(b) so much of the territories comprised within the cantonment and municipality of Shillong as did not form part of that autonomous State, and thereupon the said territories shall cease to form part of the existing State of Assam.

FORMATION OF THE UNION TERRITORY OF MIZORAM

There shall be formed a new Union territory, to be known as the Union territory of Mizoram, comprising the territories which immediately before that day were comprised in the Mizo District in the existing State of Assam and thereupon the said territories shall cease to form part of the existing State of Assam.

FORMATION OF THE UNION TERRITORY OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH

On and from the appointed day7there shall be formed a new Union territory, to be known as the Union territory of Arunachal Pradesh, comprising the territories which immediately before that day were comprised in the tribal areas specified in Part B of the table appended to paragraph 20 of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (but excluding the areas covered by notification No. TAD/R/35/50/109, dated the 23rd February, 1951 issued by the Governor of Assam under the proviso to sub-paragraph (3) of the said paragraph 20) and known as the North-East Frontier Agency and thereupon the said territories shall cease to form part of the existing State of Assam.

PARLIAMENTARY CONSTITUENCY OF THE UNION TERRITORY OF MIZORAM

The whole of the Union territory of Mizoram shall form one parliamentary constituency to be called the Mizoram parliamentary constituency and as soon as may be after the appointed day election shall be held to the House of the People to elect a representative from that constituency, as if the seat of the member elected to the House of the People from that constituency has become vacant and the provisions of section 149 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951-shall, so far as may be, apply in relation to such election.

PROVISION AS TO THE MEMBER TO REPRESENT ARUNACHAL PRADESH IN THE HOUSE OF THE PEOPLE

The sitting member nominated to fill the seat allotted in the House of the People to the Tribal Areas of Assam specified in Part B of the Table appended to paragraph 20 of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution, known as the North-East Frontier Agency, shall, and from the appointed day, be deemed to have been nominated to fill the seat allotted to the Union territory of Arunachal Pradesh in the House of the People.

ALLOCATION OF SEATS IN THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES

(1) On and from the appointed day, the total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of the State of Assam, to be filled by persons chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies, shall be reduced from one hundred and twenty-six to one hundred and fourteen; and every sitting member of that Legislative Assembly representing a constituency which ceases to be a constituency in the State of Assam by virtue of the provisions of sub-section (5) shall, as from the appointed day, cease to be a member of that Legislative Assembly.

(2) The total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of the State of Manipur, to be constituted at any time after the appointed day, to be filled by persons chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies shall be sixty, out of which one seat shall be reserved for the Scheduled Castes and nineteen seats shall be reserved for the Scheduled Tribes.

(3) The total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of the State of Tripura, to be constituted at any time after the appointed day to be filled by persons chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies shall be sixty, out of which six seats shall be reserved for the Scheduled Castes and nineteen seats shall be reserved for the Scheduled Tribes.

(4) The total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of the State of Meghalaya, to be constituted at any time after the appointed day, to be filled by persons chosen bydirect election from territorial constituencies shall be sixty out of which fifty seats shall be reserved for the Scheduled Tribes.

(5) On and from the appointed day. Part B of Schedule II to the Delimination of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1966 shall stand amended as directed in the First Schedule.

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APSC Mains 2018 Pol. Science (Paper II) 145 Marks from Adhikary Education Mains Test Series

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APSC Mains 2018 Political Science (Paper II)

145 Marks from Adhikary Education Mains Test Series

145 marks worth Questions were asked in APSC CCE (Main) 2018 – Political Science Paper 2 which were asked in our APSC Mains Test Series 2018 (Pol. Sc. Optional). This is a testimony to our continuous efforts to provide the best quality materials for the APSC Prelims and Mains Exam 2018 to assist better preparation of the aspirants. 

APSC Mains 2018 Political Science - Paper II

PART – A

Answer any eight questions from the following within 250 words each: 20 x 8 = 160

Q1. Discuss the framing of the Constitution of India emphasizing on the role of the Constituent Assembly. Justify the statement that ‘Indian Constitution is the document of socio-economic basis and philosophy’.    12+8=20

APSC Main 2020 Test Series - assamexam

Q2. Define secularism. Examine critically the working of the concept of secularism in Indian context.    5+15=20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 8: Q4 (15 Marks) (Partially)

Q3. Discuss the main features of Fundamental Rights incorporated in the Constitution of India. Why are these rights termed as fundamental? Can Fundamental Rights be amended?     10+5+5=20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 3: Q9 (10 Marks)

Q4. Discuss the reasons for incorporation of the Directive Principles in the Constitution. Examine the relevance and implementation of these Principles in India.    8+12=20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 3: Q13 (20 Marks) (Indirectly)

Q5. Explain the method of election of the President of India. What are it’s drawbacks? Examine the position of the President of India.    10+5+5=20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 6: Q1 (5 Marks)

Q6. Evaluate the factors responsible for the growth of centralizing tendency in Indian polity. Is India a true federation? Give your arguments.     12+8=20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 7: Q4. (8 Marks)  (Indirectly)

Q7. Discuss the organization, power and functions of the Union Cabinet. How do you account for the strong position of the Cabinet in Indian political system?      12+8=20

Q8. Critically examine the role of the Governor of an Indian State. What are the discretionary powers of the Governor of Assam?       12+8=20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 3: Q4 & Test 8: Q5. (20 Marks)

Q9. What is Money Bill? Discuss the procedure for enactment of Money Bill in the Indian Parliament.     5+15=20

Q10. Discuss the functioning of local self-government in Assam. What is the role of the local self-governing institutions in the development of the region?      15+5= 20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 4: Q4. (15 Marks)     

Q11. “The American Senate is regarded as the strongest Second Chamber of the world.” Analyse this statement relating to power, functions and position of the Senate of the United State if America.  20 

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 2: Q8. (20 Marks)

Q12. Define the composition and functioning of the Union Public Service Commission emphasizing its independence and neutrality.   20

PART – B

Answer any five questions from the following within 150 words each:

Q13. Explain legislative relations between the Centre and the States in India.     8

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 3: Q3. (8 Marks)   

Q14. Critically evaluate the role of the United Nations in maintaining international peace and security. 8

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 4: Q7. (8 Marks)     

Q15. Examine the role of the Supreme Court in India with special reference to the court’s power of judicial review.        8

Q16. Discuss the various constitutional and statutory provisions of acquiring and loss of Indian citizenship.    4+4=8

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 3: Q2. (8 Marks)     

Q17. Evaluate the procedure for the amendment of the American Constitution.   8

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 4: Q1. (8 Marks)     

Q18. How is the British Cabinet formed? Enumerate the main features of British Cabinet system.       4+4=8

Q19. Discuss Prof. Dicey’s concept of Rule of Law emphasizing on its applicability and limitations in England.      5+3=8

Q20. What is the full form of PIL? Discuss the features of PIL.      3+5=8

 

A total questions worth 145 Marks in APSC CC(Mains) Exam 2018 – Polity Paper 1, were matched with the questions of our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series.

Paper II – Download PDF

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APSC Main 2020 Test Series - assamexam

APSC Mains 2018 Pol. Science (Paper I) 166 Marks from Adhikary Education Mains Test Series

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APSC Mains 2018 Political Science (Paper I)

166 Marks from Adhikary Education Mains Test Series

166 marks worth Questions were asked in APSC CCE (Main) 2018 – Political Science Paper 1 which were asked in our APSC Mains Test Series 2018 (Pol. Sc. Optional). This is a testimony to our continuous efforts to provide the best quality materials for the APSC Prelims and Mains Exam 2018 to assist better preparation of the aspirants. 

APSC CCE (Main) 2018 Political Science - Paper I

PART – A

Answer any eight questions from the following within 250 words each: 20 x 8 = 160

Q1. Discuss the nature and scope of political science. Discuss in details the legal approach to the study of political science. 10+10=20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 5: Q1 (10 Marks)

Q2. What are the different theories of the origin of the State? Discuss the evolutionary theory of the origin of the State?  10+10=20

Q3. Discuss the essential elements of a State. Discuss the difference between State and Society.  10+10=20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 1: Q2 (20 Marks)

Q4. Discuss the difference between unitary and federal forms of government. Write the characteristics of a federal form of government.  10+10=20

Q5. What are the pre-requisites of a parliamentary form of government? Discuss its merits.   10+10=20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 7: Q1 (10 Marks)

Q6. Discuss critically the pluralist theory of sovereignty.   20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 2: Q7 (20 Marks)

Q7. Discuss the functions of the judiciary. What do you mean by judicial review? Discuss its importance.   10+5+5=20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 3: Q5 (15 Marks)

Q8. Discuss the social contract theory with reference to Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau.   20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 7: Q13 (20 Marks)

Q9. What do you mean by a Welfare State? Discuss the functions of a Welfare State.   10+10=20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 5: Q9 and Test 1: Q4 (10 Marks)  

Q10. Discuss the theory of separation of power. How far is this theory applicable in India?    10+10= 20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 2: Q3 (20 Marks)     

Q11. What do you mean by the term ’function of the State’? Critically evaluate the ‘Laissez-faire theory of the State.     20 

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 1: Q5 And Test 5: Q11 (5 Marks)   

Q12. Define ‘Sovereignty’. Discuss the different kinds of sovereignty.   5+15=20

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 5: Q9 (20 Marks)     

PART – B

Answer any five questions from the following within 150 words each:

Q13. Discuss Aristotle’s theory on revolution.    8

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 1: Q9. (8 Marks)     

Q14. Discuss Plato’s conception of Justice. What are the demerits of Platonic justice?    4+4=8

Q15. Discuss Marx’s theory on Class Struggle.    8

Question from our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series Test 1: Q10. (8 Marks)     

Q16. Discuss J. S. Mill’s view on liberty.   8

Q17. Explain the concept of Satyagraha. What are its techniques?      4+4=8

Q18. Discuss the merits of Presidential form of government.    8

Q19. What is law? What are the various sources of law?     4+4=8

Q20. Discuss the importance of study of Political Science. How does it differ from History?    4+4=8   

A total questions worth 166 Marks in APSC CC(Mains) Exam 2018 – Polity Paper 1, were matched with the questions of our APSC Mains Political Science Test Series.

Paper I – Download PDF

To score high marks in APSC Mains 2018 Political Science Paper, Join our APSC Mains 2018 Test Series – Polity

Full list of Union Council of Ministers of India – 2019 to 2024 (APSC Polity study materials)

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Full list of Council of Ministers of India for 2019 – 2024

(APSC Polity study materials)

 

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The 17th Lok Sabha of India came into being on May 30, 2019 with the oath-taking ceremony of Prime Minister Narendra Modi along with the Council of Ministers. 23 new members have been included in the new Cabinet. Here is a full list of portfolios of current Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State (Independent Charge) and Ministers of State.

 

Prime Minister of India
Prime Minister and also in-charge of:
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions; Department of Atomic Energy; Department of Space; and All important policy issues; and All other portfolios not allocated to any Minister.
Cabinet Ministers
Ministers Portfolio
Rajnath Singh Minister of Defence.
Amit Shah Minister of Home Affairs.
Nitin Jairam Gadkari Minister of Road Transport and Highways; and Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.
D.V. Sadananda Gowda Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers.
Nirmala Sitharaman Minister of Finance; and Minister of Corporate Affairs.
Ram Vilas Paswan Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.
Narendra Singh Tomar Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare; Minister of Rural Development; and Minister of Panchayati Raj.
Ravi Shankar Prasad Minister of Law and Justice; Minister of Communications; and Minister of Electronics and Information Technology.
Harsimrat Kaur Badal Minister of Food Processing Industries.
Thaawar Chand Gehlot Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment.
Dr. S. Jaishankar Minister of External Affairs.
Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ Minister of Human Resource Development.
Arjun Munda Minister of Tribal Affairs.
Smriti Irani Minister of Women and Child Development; and Minister of Textiles.
Dr. Harsh Vardhan Minister of Health and Family Welfare; Minister of Science and Technology; and Minister of Earth Sciences.
Prakash Javadekar Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change; and Minister of Information and Broadcasting.
Piyush Goyal Minister of Railways; and Minister of Commerce and Industry.
Dharmendra Pradhan Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas; and Minister of Steel.
Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi Minister of Minority Affairs.
Pralhad Joshi Minister of Parliamentary Affairs; Minister of Coal; and Minister of Mines.
Dr. Mahendra Nath Pandey Minister of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.
Arvind Sawant Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprise.
Giriraj Singh Minister of Animal Husbandry, Dairy and Fisheries.
Gajendra Singh Shekhawat Minister of Jal Shakti.

 

Ministers of State (Independent Charge)
Santosh Kumar Gangwar Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
Rao Inderjit Singh Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation; and Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Planning.
Shripad Yesso Naik Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH); and Minister of State in the Ministry of Defence.
Dr. Jitendra Singh Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region; Minister of State in the Prime Minister’s Office; Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions; Minister of State in the Department of Atomic Energy; and Minister of State in the Department of Space.
Kiren Rijiju Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Minority Affairs.
Prahalad Singh Patel Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Culture; and Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Tourism.
Raj Kumar Singh Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Power; Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.
Hardeep Singh Puri Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs; Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Civil Aviation; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
Mansukh L. Mandaviya Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Shipping; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.

 

Ministers of State
Faggansingh Kulaste Minister of State in the Ministry of Steel.
Ashwini Kumar Choubey Minister of State in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
Shri Arjun Ram Meghwal Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises.
General (Retd.) V. K. Singh Minister of State in the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.
Krishan Pal Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
Raosaheb Danve Minister of State in the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.
G. Kishan Reddy Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Purushottam Rupala Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
Ramdas Athawale Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
Sadhvi Niranjan Jyoti Minister of State in the Ministry of Rural Development.
Babul Supriyo Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
Sanjeev Kumar Balyan Minister of State in the Ministry of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries.
Dhotre Sanjay Shamrao Minister of State in the Ministry of Human Resource Development; Minister of State in the Ministry of Communications; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
Anurag Thakur Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
Suresh Angadi Minister of State in the Ministry of Railways.
Nityanand Rai Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Ratanlal Kataria Minister of State in the Ministry of Jal Shakti; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
V. Muraleedharan Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs.
Renuka Singh Saruta Minister of State in the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
Som Parkash Minister of State in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
Rameswar Teli Minister of State in the Ministry of Food Processing Industries.
Pratap Chandra Sarangi Minister of State in the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries.
Kailash Choudhary Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
Debasree Chaudhuri Minister of State in the Ministry of Women and Child Development.

 

 

Constitutional Provisions related to Union Ministers

 

Article 74 : Council of Ministers to aid and advise President

(1) There shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President who shall, in the exercise of his functions, act in accordance with such advice:
Provided that the President may require the Council of Ministers to reconsider such advice, either generally or otherwise, and the President shall act in accordance with the advice tendered after such reconsideration.
(2) The question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered by Ministers to the President shall not be inquired into in any court.


Article 75: Other provisions as to Ministers

(1) The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
(1A) The total number of Ministers, including the Prime Minister, in the Council of Ministers shall not exceed fifteen per cent. of the total number of members of the House of the People.
(1B) A member of either House of Parliament belonging to any political party who is disqualified for being a member of that House under paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to be appointed as a Minister under clause (1) for duration of the period commencing from the date of his disqualification till the date on which the term of his office as such member would expire or where he contests any election to either House of Parliament before the expiry of such period, till the date on which he is declared elected, whichever is earlier.
(2) The Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the President.
(3) The Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the House of the People.
(4) Before a Minister enters upon his office, the President shall administer to him the oaths of office and of secrecy according to the forms set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule.
(5) A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member of either House of Parliament shall at the expiration of that period cease to be a Minister.
(6) The salaries and allowances of Ministers shall be such as Parliament may from time to time by law determine and, until Parliament so determines, shall be as specified in the Second Schedule.

Article 77. Conduct of business of the Government of India.
(1) All executive action of the Government of India shall be expressed to be taken in the name of the President.
(2) Orders and other instruments made and executed in the name of the President shall be authenticated in such manner as may be specified in rules to be made by the President, and the validity of an order or instrument which is so authenticated shall not be called in question on the ground that it is not an order or instrument made or executed by the President.
(3) The President shall make rules for the more convenient transaction of the business of the Government of India, and for the allocation among Ministers of the said business.

 

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