List of International and Multinational Organizations

International and Multinational Organizations

International Organisations list for APSC Exam

International and Multinational Organizations – Download PDF

International, Regional and Multinational organization are very significant and helps tremendously in achieving their goals for betterment of the region and the world as a whole and thus they holds a significant place in world affairs. These organizations take care of a wide range of issues that transcend from local to global boundaries. A basic information about these organizations are asked frequently in most of the competitive exams, thus, we are providing here a comprehensive list of some of the most important oraganisations and groupings  along with their establishment years and headquarters. This is not an exhaustive list but it contains only most important ones.

APSC Prelims 2020 Test Series

Important international and multinational organizations

Organization Year Head Quarters Head
United Nations Organization (UNO) 1945 New York Secretary‑General – António Guterres

President of UN General Assembly – María Fernanda Espinosa

United Nations Children’s’ Fund (UNICEF) 1946 New York CEO – Henrietta Holsman Fore
United Nations Environment Programme or  UN United Nations Environment (UNEP) 1972 Nairobi
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) 1969 New York
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 1964 Geneva
World Health Organization (WHO) 1948 Geneva Director-General – Tedros Adhanom
International Labor Organization (ILO) 1919 Geneva
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 1863 Geneva
World Trade Organization (WTO) 1995 Geneva Director-General – Roberto Azevêdo
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 1950 Geneva
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 1967 Geneva
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1947 Geneva
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 1945 Paris
UN Women (UW) 2010 New York
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 1961 Paris
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) 1966 Vienna
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 1957 Vienna
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 1960 Vienna
International Monetary Fund (IMF) 1945 Washington DC CEO – Christine Lagarde
World Bank (WB) 1944 Washington DC President – Jim Yong Kim
Asian Development Bank (ADB) 1966 Metro Manila President – Takehiko Nakao
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) 2016 Beijing President – Jin Liqun
Amnestry International (AI) 1961 London
International Maritime Organization (IMO) 1959 London
Commonwealth of Nations (CWN) 1926 London
International Court Of Justice (ICJ) 1945 The Hague
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 1945 Rome
World Food Programme 1961 Rome
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 1949 Brussels
Transparency International (TI) 1993 Berlin
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) 2009 Abu Dhabi
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) 1985 Kathmandu Secretary-General – Amjad Hussain Sial
New Development Bank (NDB) 2015 Shanghai President – K. V. Kamath
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) 1967 Jakarta
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 1989 Singapore
Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) 1969 Jeddah
Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IORA) 1997 Ebene, Mauritius
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) 1997 The Hague, The Netherlands
International Olympic Committee (IOC) 1894 Lausanne, Switzerland
Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF)  1961 Gland, Switzerland
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry IUPAC 1919 Zurich, Switzerland
World Economic Forum (WEF) 1971 Geneva, Switzerland Founder – Klaus Schwab
Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 1924 Zurich, Switzerland
International Cricket Council (ICC) 1909 Dubai, UAE
International Hockey Federation (FIH) 1924 Lausanne, Switzerland
Federation international des échecs or World Chess Federation (FIDE) 1924 Athens, Greece
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 1948 Gland, Switzerland
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) 1998 Los Angeles, USA
Médecins Sans Frontières or Doctors without Borders (MSF) 1971 Geneva, Switzerland

International and Multinational Organizations – Download PDF

Current Affairs for APSC Prelims 2018 – Polity & Governance (Revision Notes)

Current Affairs for APSC Prelims 2018

(REVISION NOTES from Nov 2017 – October 2018)

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POLITY & GOVERNANCE


Appointment of Second National Judicial Pay Commission

  • for recommending pay revision for the subordinate judiciary.
  • headed by retired justice of the Supreme Court, J.P.Venkatrama Reddi.

 

TRAI Upholds Net Neutrality

  • Net Neutrality is a concept where content and application providers get equal treatment by telecom operators.
  • it advocates that individuals should be free to access all content and applications equally, regardless of the source, without Internet Service Providers discriminating against specific online services or websites.

The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India is a statutory body

  • Founded on 20 February 1997 – Ram Sewak Sharma (Chairman)

 

PRAGATI

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi has chaired an interaction through PRAGATI , the ICT-based multimodal platform for Pro-Active Governance and timely implementation.
  • Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation (PRAGATI) platform was launched in 2015

 

Darpan Project

  • Ministry of communications has launched DARPAN (Digital Advancement of Rural Post Office for A New India)
  • It aims at realising financial inclusion of un-banked rural population.
  • provide a low power technology solution to each Branch Postmaster (BPM) which will enable each of approximately 1.29 Lakhs Branch Post Offices (BOs) to improve the level of services being offered to rural customers across all the states.

 

 Good Governance Day on 25th December

  • observed in India on the birth anniversary of former-Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
  • established in 2014

 

 India’s First Social Audit Law in Meghalaya

  • Meghalaya became the first state in India to operationalize a law that makes social audit of government programmes and schemes a part of government practice.
  • launched ‘The Meghalaya Community Participation and Public Services Social Audit Act,
  • 2017’ that will allow citizens’ participation in the planning of development, selection of beneficiaries, concurrent monitoring of programmes, redress of grievances and audit of works, services and programmes on an annual basis.

Social audits refer to a legally mandated process where potential and existing beneficiaries evaluate the implementation of a programme by comparing official records with ground realities

 

Triple Talaq Bill

  • ‘The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Bill, 2017’
  • its objective is “to protect the rights of married Muslim women and to prohibit divorce by pronouncing talaq by their husbands”.
  • In August 2017, the Supreme Court passed a judgment in the Shayara Bano v UoI on the practice of instant triple talaq, stating that it was “manifestly arbitrary” and “against the basic tenets of Islam”.

 

Plea to bar Politicians from contesting from Two Seats

  • A petition was filed in Supreme Court challenging Section 33(7) of Representation of People Act, 1951.
  • This section allows politicians to contest Parliamentary as well as Assembly elections from two constituencies

 

18th All India Whips Conference

  • at Udaipur, Rajasthan on 8th-9th January 2018
  • organized by Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (MoPA).
  • The conference focused on the efficient functioning of legislatures.

Whip – an important member of a political party’s parliamentary body, having a central role in ‘Floor Management’ in both the Houses of Parliament and is responsible for discipline within the party.

 

e-Sansad and e-Vidhan projects

  • These are mission mode projects of Government of India under Digital India, to make the functioning of Parliament and State Legislatures paperless.

 

Government notifies Electoral Bonds for Political Donations

  • In a bid to curb influence of illicit cash in Indian political system, the Finance Ministry has notified the contours of new electoral bonds.
  • these bonds will now be the only way to make donations to political parties.
  • Political parties, secured at least 1 per cent votes in the last Lok Sabha election or the state Assembly election and are registered under the Representation of the People Act, 1951, will be eligible to receive donations through electoral bonds.

 

Haj Subsidy Abolished

  • Haj subsidy funds will be used for educational empowerment of girls and women of minority community.
  • In 2012, a constitutional bench of the Supreme Court had directed that the Haj subsidy be done away with.
  • All Haj air traffic is now shared by Air India and Saudi Arabia’s national airline. – many beginning to view it as a subsidy for the airline rather than the Muslim community.
  • if Haj travel is opened to more airlines, the airfare will be cheaper.
  • Many Muslim leaders arguing that it is “un-Islamic” as according to the Quran, only those Muslims who can afford the expenses should perform Haj.

 

Constitution Bench to examine Citizenship Act

  • The Supreme Court to examination will include the cut-off date for awarding citizenship to Bangladeshi immigrants in Assam. Section 6A of the Act relates to provisions for citizenship of people covered by the Assam Accord.
  • Therefore, this act fixes March 25, 1971 as the cut-off date for granting citizenship to Bangladeshi migrants in Assam.


E-way Bill

  • The Government has made it mandatory for all States to implement the national e-way bill system for intra-state movement of goods by June 1 2018.
  • The E-way bill, is a document to be generated online under the GST system, when goods of the value of more than ₹50,000 are shipped inter-State or intra-State.


Government e-Marketplace (GeM) 3.0 launched

  • Offer standardised and enriched catalogue management, powerful search engine, real time price comparison, template-based Bid and RA creation, demand aggregation, e-EMD, e-PBG, user rating, advanced MIS and analytics and more.
  • GeM – aims to transform the way in which procurement of goods and services is done by the Government Ministries/Departments, PSUs, autonomous bodies etc.

 

Panel Recommends Separate Flag for Karnataka

  • If adopted with clearance from the MHA, Karnataka will be the second state after Jammu and Kashmir to have an official state flag.
  • Constitutional Position – So far, Jammu and Kashmir is only state having separate flag of its own due to special status granted by Article 370 of the Constitution.
  • no separate Central or State law to deal with this issue. In addition, the Indian Constitution does not prohibits States to have their own flag.

 

Atal Bhoojal Yojana

  • Government of India is going to launch this Water Conservation scheme
  • will be implemented by the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation.
  • Through this scheme, the underwater level will be raised for providing pure and clean water for the use in agriculture.

 

President approves bill allowing Kambala in karnataka

  • making Kambala a legal rural sport in Karnataka.
  • The Bill seeks to exempt kambala and bullock-cart racing from the ambit of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act, 1960.
  • Kambala is an annual buffalo race which is a tradition in the Karnataka’s Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts’ farming communit

 

Committee to select 20 ‘Institutes of Eminence’

  • N Gopalaswami has been appointed chairperson of the empowered expert committee (EEC) that will be the final authority to select 20 “institutes of eminence”, which will be free from government regulations.
  • The institutes of eminence scheme under the Union human resource development (HRD) ministry aims to project Indian institutes to global recognition.
  • The 20 selected institutes will enjoy complete academic and administrative autonomy.

 

Mahanadi Water Disputes

  • for adjudication of dispute on Mahanadi River Waters. The dispute is between Odisha and Chhattisgarh on sharing the waters of the river Mahanadi.
  • The tribunal will consist of a chairman and two other members nominated by the Chief Justice of India from among judges of the Supreme Court or high courts.
  • Article 262 of the constitution provides for the adjudication of inter-state water dispute.

 

NITI Forum for Northeast

  • created to accelerate the central government’s efforts to spur inclusive growth in the northeastern region of the country.
  • To identify constraints that stand in the way of achieving accelerated, inclusive and sustainable economic growth in the eight states of the Northeast region.
  • co-chaired by the vice chairman of the Niti Aayog and the DoNER minister.

 

National Financial Reporting Authority to be set up

  • National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA), an independent regulatory body to regulate the auditing and accounting standards as well as for oversight of auditing profession in India in line with global best practices.
  • under the Companies Act 2013, 15 members including a chairperson, 3 full-time members and a secretary.

 

Arbitration Council of India

  • Union cabinet approved the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Bill providing for creation of the Arbitration Council of India (ACI) which will grade arbitral institutions and accredit arbitrators in the country.
  • Currently in India there is a preference to ad-hoc arbitration contrary to the global practice where about 86% of arbitrary awards given in the last decade have been institutional arbitration.

 

APSC mains 2018 test series GS & Optional Paper

 

Andhra Pradesh’s demand for Special Category Status

  • The Union government has declined the Andhra Pradesh’s demand of special category status
  • Special category status was awarded by the then National Development Council to certain states that were historically disadvantaged as a result of their geography, socio-economic status and other such parameters.
  • bases for the grant of SCS status: difficult hilly terrain, low population density, sizeable share of tribal population, strategic location along international borders, economic and infrastructural backwardness, and non-viable nature of the state’s finances.
  • SCS was accorded to the eight North Eastern and three Himalayan states (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and J&K)

 

Maiden Electoral Bond issued

  • Electoral Bonds worth Rs 222 crore were sold in its maiden issue in order to fund political parties.
  • to increase transparency in electoral funding in India.
  • India is the first country to introduce electoral bonds

 

Move to Impeach CJI Dipak Misra

  • parties has submitted a notice for an impeachment motion against Chief Justice of India Dipak Misra citing five reasons. This is the first such move against the top judge of the apex court in the country.
  • minimum of 50 members are required to agree to the motion.

 

MyGov 2.0

  • Government’s biggest official digital platform MyGov has recently decided to scale up both the quality and quantity of its audience reach.
  • built on open source technology by the NIC

 

Panchayati Raj Act Turns 25 Years

  • On April 24, 1993 India conferred the constitutional status on the panchayati raj system.
  • The Panchayati Raj Act institutionalized PRIs as the mandatory third tier of governance.
  • Representation to the women

 

Indu Malhotra to be First Woman Judge in Supreme Court directly from bar

  • Seventh woman judge of SC
  • At present Justice R Banumathi appointed in August 2014 is the lone woman judge in the apex court
  • in August 2007 SC designated her as Senior Advocate only the 2nd woman to be elevated by SC

 

Facebook partners with NCW to launch Digital Literacy Programme

  • to train women on safe use of internet and social media.


National Informatics Centre (NIC) has set up cloud-enabled National Data Centre @ Bhubaneswar

  • offer round-the-clock operations with secure hosting for e-governance applications of ministries and departments.
  • It is fourth cloud-enabled National Data Centre of NIC after Delhi, Hyderabad and Pune.

 

The Commercial Courts, Commercial Division and Commercial Appellate Division of High Courts (Amendment) Bill, 2018

  • intends to jump-start India as a soughtout business destination in the world.
  • It aims to create a conducive regulatory environment for investors to set up and operate businesses.
  • Lowering of the specified value of a commercial dispute to Rs 3 lakh from the present 1 crore so that commercial disputes of a reasonable value can be decided by commercial courts.
  • Commercial court at the district level
  • State government to specify pecuniary value for commercial dispute at district level
  • Commercial appellate tribunal

 

RBI Note on Data Localization

  • RBI asked all payment companies operating in India to set up data storage facilities within the country in the next six months.

 

EU New Data Norms European Union General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR)

  • came in to effect on May 25, 2018.
  • amid growing scrutiny about how major tech companies collect and use people’s personal information.
  • Gives citizen greater control over personal data
  • Citizen’s request to delete data, Right to opt in or opt out, Intimation about data breach, Constitution of supervisory authority, Strengthened regulation, Penalty

 

BharatNet Connect Every Village Home

  • Widen the scope of its national broadband project and help every village home surf the web.
  • deepening internet penetration which, as of September 2017, 33.22 subscribers per 100 persons.
  • Objective: envisages delivering broadband connectivity to 250000 gram panchayats


Law Commission to Codify Personal Laws

  • towards bringing a uniform civil code (UCC) for the country
  • Currently, different personal laws for Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Parsis and others. – cover matters of property, marriage, divorce, inheritance and succession.
  • Article 44 of the Directive Principles sets implementation of uniform civil code as the duty of the State.


North Eastern Council to come under direct control of Home Ministry

  • The council is the nodal agency for the economic and social development of the North Eastern region, was till now chaired by the Development of North Eastern Region (DoNER) Minister.
  • Home Minister will be ex-officio chairperson of the Council.
  • The DoNER Minister will be Vice Chairman and all the Governors and Chief Ministers of North Eastern States as Members.


Composite Water Management Index by NITI Aayog

  • to assess and improve the performance of States/ Union Territories in efficient management of water resources.


7-Star Gram Panchayat Rainbow Scheme by Haryana govt

  • give star rankings to its panchayats on the basis of seven social parameters
  • Ambala has topped star ranking followed by Gurugram and Karnal.

 

Strategic petroleum reserve at Chandikhol and Padur

  • Union Cabinet has approved establishment of additional 6.5 Million Metric Tonne (MMT) Strategic Petroleum Reserves facilities at Chandikhol in Odisha and Padur in Karnataka.
  • India, UAE, and Saudi Arabia would create tri-lateral cooperation to secure India’s energy security to check rising oil prices.
  • UAE was the first country to supply oil to India’s strategic oil reserve facility in Mangalore.

 

APSC mains 2018 test series GS & Optional Paper

Jaitapur Nuclear plant

  • NPCIL to build for construction of 6 nuclear reactors of capacity 1,650 megawatt each at Jaitapur nuclear plant in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra.

 

 Government declares national targets for off-shore wind power

  • 5 GW by 2022 and
  • 30 GW by 2030.

 

Suresh Mathur committee to review norms related to Insurance Marketing Firms. 

 

Rail MADAD App (Mobile Application for Desired Assistance During travel)

  • to expedite and streamline passenger grievance redressal.

 

Reunite’ App launched to track missing kids

  • The Union Minister of Commerce & Industry and Civil Aviation has launched mobile
  • application “ReUnite” to track and trace missing and abandon children in India.
  • developed by Nobel Laureate Kailash Satyarthi‘s NGO Bachpan Bachao Andolan.

 

Taj Declaration to beat Plastic Pollution adopted in Agra

  • to make the 500-metre area around the historic ivory-white marble monument litter-free and phase out single-use plastic.


Ten New Swachh Iconic Places launched under Swachh Bharat Mission

  • Raghavendra Swamy Temple (Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh), Hazardwari Palace (Murshidabad, West Bengal), Brahma Sarovar Temple (Kurukshetra, Haryana), Vidur Kuti (Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh), Mana village (Chamoli, Uttarakhand), Pangong Lake (Leh-Ladakh, J&K), Nagvasuki Temple (Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh), Ima Keithal/market (Imphal, Manipur), Sabarimala Temple (Kerala) and Kanvashram (Uttarakhand) have been taken up in phase III.


EVMs, VVPATs

  • VVPAT machines are used to verify that the vote polled by a voter goes to the correct candidate.
  • VVPAT prints a slip containing candidate and symbol – chance for the voter to verify their vote


AAI to set up Civil Aviation Research Organisation in Hyderabad
.

 

Ravindra Dholakia committee to upgrade norms for state, district level economic data collection.


India join European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)

  • as the 69th member
  • EBRD Founded 1991; Headquarters London
  • President – Suma Chakrabarti

 

17th World Sanskrit Conference

  • held at Vancouver, Canada from 9th July to 13th July, 2018.


Gujarat government grants religious minority status to Jews

  • third state in India to have granted minority status for Jews, following Maharashtra and West Bengal.
  • Union Government accords the status of minority communities to six religious communities
  • Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Zoroastrians (Parsis), Buddhists, and Jains.
  • The Constitution of India does not define the word minority but refers to the word while according rights to religious and linguistic minorities.
  • Article 25 guarantees freedom of religion
  • Article 29, rights to promote and preserve their own culture.
  • Article 29 forbids discrimination on grounds of race, religion, caste, language, in admission to educational institutions run by the state or receiving
  • Article 30 right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice


Ayyappa temple in Sabarimala – Right of Temple Entry

  • prohibits women of menstruating age (between 10 and 50 years of age) from entering it, a prohibition enforced under Rule 3(b) of the Kerala Hindu Places of Public Worship (Authorisation of Entry) Rules, 1965.


Election of Deputy Chairperson of Rajya Sabha

  • Constitution is silent on the time period within which the Deputy Chairperson of the Upper House should be chosen.
  • Article 89(2) states that the Council of States shall choose a member of the Council to be Deputy Chairman

 

Debate on Section 377 of IPC

  • Section 377 refers it as ‘unnatural offences’

Bru Community

  • Union Home Minister signed an agreement – repatriate displaced Bru families living in Tripura since 1997 to Mizoram

 

Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (2nd Amendment) Bill, 2017

  • for no-detention policy in schools. – till the completion of elementary education.

 

Higher Education Financing Agency

  • CCEA approved increasing authorized share capital of HEFA to Rs. 10,000 crore from Rs. 2000 crore and approved additional infusing additional government equity of Rs. 5,000 crore.
  • HEFA set up as a Non Profit, Non Banking Financing Company (NBFC) for mobilising extra-budgetary resources for building crucial infrastructure in the higher educational institutions.

 

Revitalising Infrastructure and Systems in Education (RISE) Scheme

  • to step up investments in infrastructure in premier educational institutions, including health institutions, the government launched Revitalising Infrastructure and Systems in Education (RISE).
  • All centrally-funded institutes (CFIs), including central universities, IITs, IIMs, NITs and IISERs can
  • borrow from a Rs 1,00,000 crore corpus over next 4 years to expand and build new infrastructure.
  • financed through suitably structured Higher Education Financing Agency (HEFA).

 

NETA App

  • allows voters to rate and review their political representatives.


Bond-i

  • World Bank launches world’s first blockchain bond.


Kanyashree Prakalpa

  • a West Bengal Government sponsored scheme –
  • would not be any ceiling for a family’s annual earnings to be a beneficiary.
  • conditional cash transfer scheme aiming at improving the status and well being of the girl child by incentivising schooling of teenage girls and delaying their marriages until the age of 18


Odisha government announced Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana (BSKY)

  • universal health coverage scheme – by providing secondary and tertiary cashless health care assistance up to Rs 5 lakh per family per annum.

 

Meghalaya government made it mandatory for married people to produce marriage certificates for all official purposes.


No Confidence Motion

  • Article 75(3) of our Constitution embodies this rule by specifying that the Council of Ministers are collectively responsible to Lok Sabha.
  • Lok Sabha rule on NCM: any Lok Sabha MP who can garner the support of 50 colleagues, to
  • introduce a motion of no confidence against the Council of Ministers
  • during the third Lok Sabha in 1963 that the first one was moved by Acharya J B Kripalani against the government headed by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
  • The first successful no-confidence motion in 1979 against the government of Prime Minister Morarji Desai.

 

More Assembly Seats for Sikkim

  • The Home Ministry has moved the Union Cabinet to increase the number of seats in the Sikkim Assembly from 32 to 40.
  • Inadequate tribal representation: The seats are being increased to accommodate the Limboo and Tamang.

 

Cap on Election Expenses by parties and Candidates

  • The EC has asked the government to amend the Representation of People’s Act and Rule 90 of The Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961, to introduce a ceiling on campaign expenditure by political parties in the Lok Sabha and Assembly polls.
  • Limits on expenditure by a candidate: EC imposes limits on campaign expenditure incurred by a candidate, not political parties.
  • by a Lok Sabha candidate is capped between Rs 50 lakh and Rs 70 lakh.
  • In Assembly elections, ceiling is between Rs 20 lakh and Rs 28 lakh.

 

Government claims RBI has enough power to regulate Banks

  • RBI’s Contention
    • Lacuna in 1949 Act: RBI says a banking company is defined in Section 69 (c) of that Act as any company, which transacts the business of banking in India. State Bank of India and nationalized banks, which are PSBs are not companies but corporations formed by statutes, therefore not banking companies. Thus, Banking regulation Act, 1949 does not apply to PSBs in full.
  • This forms a great constraint for a regulator and supervisor.

 

Sports University Bill, 2018

  • to establish a National Sports University in Manipur.

 

Swadesh Darshan Scheme – Development of North East Circuit

  • Governor of Manipur, launched the project “Development of North East Circuit: Imphal & Khongjom”
  • covers two sites i.e. Kangla Fort and Khongjom – first project under the Swadesh Darshan Scheme
  • Khongjom is the place where the last war of resistance of Anglo Manipur War of 1891 was fought.

 

Swadesh Darshan Scheme

  • flagship scheme of Ministry of tourism for development of thematic circuits
  • to promote cultural and heritage value of the country by developing world-class infrastructure
  • 13 thematic circuits have been identified for development – Buddhist Circuit, North-East India Circuit, Coastal Circuit, Himalayan Circuit, Krishna Circuit, Desert Circuit, Eco Circuit, Wildlife Circuit, Tribal Circuit, Rural Circuit, Spiritual Circuit, Ramayana Circuit, and Heritage Circuit.
  • Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation Drive (PRASAD) aims to beautify and improve the amenities and infrastructure at pilgrimage centres of all faiths and harness the value of religious tourism.
  • 13 sites – Amritsar, Ajmer, Dwaraka, Mathura, Varanasi, Gaya, Puri, Amaravati, Kanchipuram, Vellankanni, Kedarnath, Kamakhya, and Patna.

 

Srinivas Committee on CSR

  • Government sets up Injeti Srinivas High Level Committee on Corporate Social Responsibility.

 

GSTN

  • Cabinet approves conversion of GSTN into 100% government entity.

 

Financial inclusion Index

  • Government launches Financial Inclusion Index.
  • The index has three measurement dimensions (i) Access to financial services (ii) Usage of financial services and (iii) Quality.

www.psbloansin59minutes.com

  • Finance Ministry launches web portal to grant loans to MSMEs within hour.

 

Pakyong airport

  • PM Narendra Modi inaugurates Sikkim’s first airport.

 

APSC mains 2018 test series GS & Optional Paper

Umeed Scheme

  • Union Cabinet has approved the extension of Umeed Scheme for Jammu & Kashmir for one more year during 2018-19.
  • Special programme for J&K, implemented under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM), launched in J&K in 2013 to encourage rural women to make small savings so that their Self-Help Groups (SHGs) to eventually become bankable at reduced rate of interest.

 

2nd World Hindu Congress

  • The 2nd World Hindu Congress was organized in Chicago, United States. It was held to commemorate 125 years of Swami Vivekananda’s historic Chicago address on September 11, 1893.

 

Aadhar Bill as Money Bill

  • Aadhar judgment concluded that govt was justified in the passage of the Aadhaar Act as a Money bill.
  • Section 7, which enables the use of Aadhaar to avail of any government subsidy, benefit or service for which expenditure is incurred out of the Consolidated Fund of India is the core provision in law and that this makes it a Money bill.
  • Article 110: Definition of Money Bill

 

Odisha Plans for Legislative Council

  • Article 171: states can have a Legislative Council in addition to the Legislative Assembly.
  • Article 169, a Legislative Council can be formed, if the Legislative Assembly of
  • the State passes a resolution to that effect by a majority of the total membership of the Assembly
  • and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the Assembly present and voting.
  • Parliament can then pass a law to this effect.
  • Members: Article 171, the Legislative Council of a state shall not have more than one-third of the total number of MLAs of the state and not less than 40 members. But in J&K, LA has 87 members and the LC 36.
  • Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) is six years, with one-third of the members retiring every two years.
  • 7 States have MLC – Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, J&K, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana and Uttar Pradesh.

 

SC Decision on Criminalization of Politics

  • The Supreme Court expressed its inability to make a law to check creeping criminalization of the polity
  • Section 8 of the Representation of People Act, 1951, bans convicted politicians. But those facing Trial are free to contest elections.

 

State Finance Commission (SFC)

  • created by the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments to rationalize and systematize State/sub-State-level fiscal relations in India.
  • Article 243I mandated the State Governor to constitute a Finance Commission every five years.
  • primary task – rectify growing horizontal imbalances in the delivery of essential public services to citizens.

 

Government sets up Lokpal Search Panel

  • to recommend the names of chairman and members of anti-corruption watchdog Lokpal
  • Chaired by former Supreme Court judge Ranjana Prakash Desai

 

Setting up of an Independent Payments Regulatory Board (PRB)

  • The growth in the financial tech sector has enabled non-banks to play a significant role in payments.
  • The government itself is keen to promote digital payment systems and set up a Committee on digital payments in 2016.

 

Delhi launches doorstep delivery of Government Services

  • Delhi government has launched its ambitious project Phone-a-sahayak scheme to deliver public services at the doorstep of residents.
  • Delhiites can now apply for 40 govt documents to be delivered at their homes for a fee of Rs. 50 per service.
  • The applicant would have to call 1076 and mobile sahayak will go to their home and help with filling forms, payment of fees and collection of documents.

 

Government replaced Scientific Advisory Committees (SAC) with PM-STIAC

  • scrapped two Scientific Advisory Committees (SAC) for the Prime Minister and the Cabinet, and replaced them with a nine member, Prime Minister’s Science, Technology and Innovation Advisory Council (PM-STIAC).
  • The PM-STIAC will be chaired by the government’s Principal Scientific Advisor, Dr. K. Vijay Raghavan.

 

Odisha’s Food Security Scheme

  • On Gandhi Jayanti, the Odisha government launched its own food security scheme to benefit
  • who were left out of the National Food Security Act.

 

Michelle Bachelet appointed as the next United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.

  • OHCHR was appointed by the UN General Assembly to realise a demand of the World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna in 1993.

 

Operation Samudra Maitri

  • to assist victims of earthquake and tsunami in Central Sulawesi Province of the Republic of Indonesia.

 

E Sreedharan committee to lay down standards for metro rail systems.

 

WEF launches Centre for Fourth Industrial Revolution in India.

 

IWAI has launched Ro-Ro service from Neamati to Manjuli Island in Assam.

 

Mahila Mall, the first mall in the country with an all-women crew will come up in Kozhikode in the month of November.

 

Appointment/Awards


AG Rohatgi – Lokpal Selection Panel as Eminent Jurist

Gita Gopinath has been appointed as Chief Economist of IMF.

Fali S. Nariman  -19th Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award for Excellence in Public Administration.

Sikkim –  FAO’s Future Policy Gold Award for 100% organic farming.

Seoul Peace Prize for 2018: PM Narendra Modi

 Sharad kumar: appointed as new vigilance commissioner in CVC.

Arvind saxena: Arvind Saxena has been appointed as acting Chairman of UPSC.

World Food Prize 2018- awarded to Lawrence Haddad and Dr. David Nabarro.

Public Affairs Index 2018: Kerala has topped the list of best governed States for third time.

Justice Adarsh Kumar Goel: appointed as a Chairperson of National Green Tribunal.

R S Sharma re-appointed TRAI chairperson.

Rekha Sharma appointed as Chairperson of National Commission for Women.

Ashish Kumar Bhutani appointed CEO of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana

Justice Ranjan Gogoi – Chief Justice of India (46th CJI).

Kamlesh Nilkanth VyasChairman of Atomic Energy Commission.

LK Advani – renominated as Chairman of Ethics Committee of Lok Sabha.

 

Observation Days

June 20: World Refugee Day.

National Statistics Day: June 29

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APSC mains 2018 test series GS & Optional Paper

Polity of Assam Quiz MCQ Set 2 (Panchayat Raj in Assam) – Assam Politics Quiz

Polity of Assam Quiz MCQ Set 2 (Panchayat Raj in Assam)

for APSC / Assam exam Polity Preparation

Go To Assam Polity MCQ Quiz Page                 Go To Assam Polity Notes & Study Materials Page 

Q1. The Quorum for a meeting of the Gaon Panchayat is

  1. 1/10 of the total member
  2. 1/5 of the total member
  3. 1/4 of the total member
  4. 1/3 of the total member

d. 1/10 of the total member

Or one-hundred number of voters of the village/villages whichever is less.

Q2. Which of the following is not a member of Zilla Parishad?

  1. President of Gaon Panchayat
  2. Presidents of the Anchalik Panchayats
  3. Members of Lok Sabha
  4. Member of Legislative Assembly

a. President of Gaon Panchayat 

Q3. In Assam, how many subjects are assigned to Panchayat?

  1. 21 subjects
  2. 19 subjects
  3. 27 subjects
  4. 23 subjects

d. 23 subjects

Q4. Under which article of Indian Constitution, the Assam State Finance Commission was setup to review the financial position of the Panchayats and to make recommendations in this regards?

  1. Article 371-B
  2. Article 356
  3. Article 359
  4. Article 243-I

d. Article 243-I

Q5. Who is the Chairman of the Fifth Assam State Finance Commission?

  1. M P Bezbaruah
  2. P K Borthakur
  3. Prateek Hajela
  4. Kandarpa Barman

a. M P Bezbaruah

Q6. Which of the following is NOT a source of fund for Gaon Panchyat?

  1. Transfer by State Finance Commission for development purpose
  2. Loan from Banks
  3. Own Sources of Revenue (Tax and Non-Taxes)
  4. Contribution by the communities themselves

b. Loan from Banks

Q7. Assam’s State Institute of Rural development (SIRD) is located at

  1. Guwahati
  2. Jorhat
  3. Hailakandi
  4. Dibrugarh

a. Guwahati 

Q8. In Assam Panchayat election, what percent of seats are reserved for women?

  1. 67 per cent
  2. 50 per cent
  3. 33 per cent
  4. 25 per cent

b. 50 per cent

Q9. Which is the apex level under the three-tier Panchayati Raj system in Assam?

  1. Gaon Panchayat
  2. Anchalik Panchayat
  3. Zilla Parishad
  4. Nagar panchayats

c. Zilla Parishad 

Q10. Who is the incumbent Union Minister of Panchayati Raj?

  1. Gopinath Munde
  2. Nitin Gadkari Nitin Gadkari
  3. Birender Singh
  4. Narendra Singh Tomar

d. Narendra Singh Tomar

Go To Assam Polity MCQ Quiz Page                                            Go To Assam Polity Notes & Study Materials Page 

Governors, Chief Commissioners and Administrators of Assam before 1947

Governors, Chief Commissioners and Administrators of Assam before 1947

Assam Polity - Assamexam

Go To Assam Polity Notes & Study Materials                                                                Go To Assam Polity Quiz MCQ

 

Since the beginning of British occupation of Assam with the First Burmese War (1824-26), the post of Governor of Assam was evolved through various post for the chief administer of Assam.


British Military Commanders in occupied Assam (1824–26)
  1. George McMorine, 1824
  2. Arthur Richards, 1824–26
British Political Agents in Assam (1826–28)
  1. David Scott, 1826–28
Commissioners of Assam (1828–74)
  1. David Scott, 1828–1831
  2. Thomas Campbell Robertson, 1831–34
  3. Francis Jenkins, 1834–61
  4. Henry Hopkinson, 1861–74
Chief Commissioners of Assam (1874–1905)

In 1874, Assam was made a Chief Commissioner’s Province by separating it from the Bengal Presidency.

  1. Richard Harte Keatinge, 1874–78
  2. Steuart Colvin Bayley, 1878–81
  3. Sir Charles Alfred Elliott, 1881–85
  4. William Erskine Ward, 1885–87, first time
  5. Sir Dennis Fitzpatrick, 1887–89
  6. James Westland, 1889
  7. James Wallace Quinton, 1889–91
  8. William Erskine Ward, 1891–96, second time
  9. Sir Henry John Stedman Cotton, 1896–1902
  10. Sir Joseph Bampfylde Fuller, 1902–05
Lieutenant Governors of East Bengal and Assam (1905–12)

After the Partition of Bengal in 1905, Assam was joined with East Bengal and Assam to be headed by a Lieutenant Governor.

  1. Sir Joseph Bampfylde Fuller, 1905–06
  2. Lancelot Hare, 1906–11
  3. Charles Stuart Bayley, 1911–12
Chief Commissioners of Assam (1912–21)

After the Partition of Bengal is nullified in 1912, Assam Province was again made a separate entity, to be governed by a Chief Commissioner.

  1. Sir Archdale Earle, 1912–18
  2. Sir Nicholas Dodd Beatson-Bell, 1918–3 January 1921
Governors of Assam (1921–47)
  1. Sir Nicholas Dodd Beatson-Bell, 3 January 1921 – 2 April 1921
  2. Sir William Sinclair Marris, 3 April 1921 – 10 October 1922
  3. Sir John Henry Kerr, 10 October 1922 – 28 June 1927
  4. Sir Egbert Laurie Lucas Hammond, 28 June 1927 – 11 May 1932
  5. Sir Michael Keane, 11 May 1932 – 4 March 1937
  6. Robert Neil Reid, 4 March 1937 – 4 May 1942
  7. Henry Joseph Twynam (Acting)
  8. Sir Andrew Gourlay Clow, 4 May 1942 – 4 May 1947
  9. Rederik Chalmers Bourne (Acting)
  10. Henry Foley Knight (Acting)
  11. Sir Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari, 4 May 1947 – 15 August 1947

 

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Governor of Assam & List of Governors since 1947 (Polity of Assam)

Governors of Assam & List of Governors since 1947

Assam Polity - Assamexam

Go To Assam Polity Notes & Study Materials                                                                Go To Assam Polity Quiz MCQ

  • The Governor of Assam is a nominal and Constitutional head of the state and is the representative of the President of India in Assam.
  • Article 154 of Indian Constitution vests the executive powers of the state in the Gover nor who exercises all powers under the Constitution on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers
  • Governon can summon and prorogue the session of the Assam State Legislature, promulgate ordinances, assent to the bills and appoint the Council of Ministers of the Assam
  • Under Article 356, Governor exercises his discretion for sending report to the President and under Article 200 he can reserve any Bill for the consideration of the President.
  • Article 155, the Governor is appointed by the President for a term of 5 years.
  • Present Governor of Assam is Jagdish Mukhi.
Governors of Assam since 1947

1. Sir Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari       15 August 1947 – 28 December 1948

–              Ronald Francis Lodge                 30 December 1948 – 16 February 1949    acting

2. Sri Prakasa                                            16 February 1949 – 27 May 1950

3. Jairamdas Daulatram                             27 May 1950 – 15 May 1956

4. Saiyid Fazal Ali                                      15 May 1956 – 22 August 1959

5.  Chandreswar Prasad Sinha                  23 August 1959 – 14 October 1959

6. General (Rtrd) S M Shrinagesh            14 October 1959 – 12 November 1960

7. Vishnu Sahay                                       12 November 1960 – 13 January 1961

– General (Rtrd) S M Shrinagesh             13 January 1961 – 7 September 1962       

– Vishnu Sahay                                         7 September 1962 – 17 April 1968         

8. Braj Kumar Nehru                               17 April 1968 – 19 September 1973

9. Lallan Prasad Singh                           19 September 1973 – 10 August 1981

10. Prakash Chandra Mehrotra              10 August 1981 – 28 March 1984

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11. Justice Tribeni Sahai Misra               28 March 1984 – 15 April 1984

12. Bhishma Narain Singh                      15 April 1984 – 10 May 1989

13. Harideo Joshi                                    10 May 1989 – 21 July 1989

14. Justice Anisetti Raghuvir                   21 July 1989 – 2 May 1990

15. Justice Devi Das Thakur                     2 May 1990 – 17 March 1991

16. Loknath Mishra                                 17 March 1991 – 1 September 1997

17. Lt. General (Retired) S K Sinha          1 September 1997 – 21 April 2003

18. Arvind Dave                                       21 April 2003 – 5 June 2003

19. Lt. General (Retired) Ajai Singh         5 June 2003 – 4 July 2008

20. Shiv Charan Mathur                           4 July 2008 – 25 June 2009

21. K Sankaranarayanan                        26 June 2009 – 27 July 2009

22. Syed Sibtey Razi                              27 July 2009 – 10 November 2009

23. Janaki Ballabh Patnaik                    11 November 2009 – 11 December 2014

24. P Balakrishna Acharya                      December 2014 – 17 August 2016[2]

25. Banwarilal Purohit                              22 August 2016 – 10 October 2017[3]

26. Jagdish Mukhi                                    10 October 2017 – Incumbent

Go To Assam Polity Notes & Study Materials                                                                Go To Assam Polity Quiz MCQ

Polity of Assam Quiz MCQ Set 1 – Assam Politics Quiz

Polity of Assam Quiz MCQ Set 1

for APSC / Assam exam Polity Preparation

Go To Assam Polity MCQ Quiz Page                   Go To Assam Polity Notes & Study Materials Page 

Q1. Who among the following popular personalities was never a Chief Minister of Independent Assam?

  1. Gopinath Bordoloi
  2. Sir Muhammad Sadulla
  3. Bishnuram Medhi
  4. Bimala Prasad Chaliha

b. Sir Muhammad Sadulla

Q2. First Assam Legislative Council was created in which year

  1. 1912
  2. 1913
  3. 1909
  4. 1911

b. 1913 

Q3. When Assam was reconstituted into a Chief Commissioners’ province?

  1. 1909
  2. 1912
  3. 1919
  4. 1935

1912

Q4. Which Schedule of Indian Constitution deals with administrative provisions of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram?

  1. First
  2. Sixth
  3. Second
  4. Twelfth

b. Sixth

Q5. Which article of the Constitution of Indian has special provision with respect to the State of Assam?

  1. Article 371
  2. Article 371B
  3. Article 273
  4. Article 300

b. Article 371B

Q6. Which Indian state has recently removed AFSPA after 18 years of enforcement in the state?

  1. Assam
  2. Tripura
  3. Nagaland
  4. Sikkim

b. Tripura

Q7. Assam’s first Panchayati Raj legislation namely Assam Rural Panchayat Act, was passed in which year?

  1. 1945
  2. 1948
  3. 1959
  4. 1993

b. 1948

Q8. What is the maximum strength of Assam Legislative Assembly?

  1. 106
  2. 126
  3. 250
  4. 545

b. 126

Q9. When was the Bodoland Autonomous Council created?

  1. 1985
  2. 1991
  3. 1993
  4. 2001

c. 1993

Q10. Which of the following district has been created in 2022 as the 35th District of Assam?

  1. Tamulpur
  2. Gossaigaon
  3. Bhergaon
  4. Bajali

a. Tamulpur

Go To Assam Polity MCQ Quiz Page                                            Go To Assam Polity Notes & Study Materials Page 

All Assam FREE APSC Prelim 2018 – Political Science Mock Test 1

All Assam FREE APSC Prelim 2018 - Political Science Test 1

APSC Prelim Free - Political Science Mock Test 1

Answer Key & Solution PDF Toppers & List of TOP 200🏆

 

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APSC Mains – Political Science 2015 Question Paper I & Paper II

APSC Mains Exam – Political Science 2015 Question Paper I & Paper II

It’s very important that we know the definite trend of question being recently asked in the Mains Exam. Thus, the Polity Paper I & Paper II of 2015 is given here, to give you a better idea of the areas/topics more question appears in the exam.

POLITY PAPER-I

Q. Define political science and discuss its scope.Is political science simply a study of state and government.

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Q.  What is the difference between behaviourism and post-behviouralism? Discuss the characteristics of behaviouralism in relation to  traditionalism.

Q. What is individualism ? Explain the arguments of JS Mill and herbert spencer in defence of individualism.Point out the weakness of individualism.

Q. What is laissez Faire state.In what respect does it differ from a welfare state?Discuss.

Q. Enumerate the essential features of Democracy.Bring out the distinction between democracy and Dictatorship.

Q. Explain Austin’s theory of Sovereignty.Examine the Pluralists attack on it.

Q. Plato s republic is not a work on politics but the finest treatise on education that has never been written. Explain and
Discuss.

Q. What, according to Aristotle, are the causes of revolution? Discuss the remedies he suggested.

Q. What is meant by liberty?Examine the relation between liberty and equality.

Q. Why is independent judiciary considered important in a democratic system?how can judicial independence be ensured? Discuss.

Q. Analyse Gandhi’s theory of trusteeship.Is the theory practicable.

Q. Elaborate Marxian view of state as an instrument of class domination

Q. Elaborate the function of a Socialist state

Q. Examine the challenges to sovereignty of the state in the contemporary world

Q. Discuss the nature and kinds of Authority.

Q. Write note on plato’s concept of Ideal State.

Q. Bring out plato’s view on emancipation of women.

Q. “State is prior to individual “.Discuss

Q. Write a note on Marx’s theory of class struggle.

Q. Examine Gandhi’s concept of swaraj.

POLITY PAPER-II

Q. Discuss the constitutional developments during the freedom movement highlighting the importance of Nehru Report and Lahore congress Resolution.

Q. What are the provision for constitutional protection of right to freedom of religion and how far they succeeded in promoting
secularism in India? Discuss.

Q. Is it correct to say that the Indian constitution is ‘a ragbag of borrowings’?Give reasons for your answer.

Q. Examine the significance of the directive principle of state policy as laid down in the constitution of India. To what extent have these directive been implemented

Q. What are the different ways of acquiring Indian citizenship?How can Indian citizenship be lost ? Discuss

Q. Critically evaluate the emergency powers of the president of india and justify the emergency provision of the constitution of India.

Q. Discuss the superior position of the union in respect of legislative relation between the centre and the states in India.

Q. What are the major tension areas in Union State relation in India?

Q. Examine the changing structure of Panchayati Raj institution in India with special reference to the 73rd constitution Amendment Act.”

Q. How is the american President Elected?Discuss the powers and function of the president of USA.

Q. Analyse the composition and functions of the house of Lords.Do you agree that the House of Lords needs to be mended not ended.

Q. What is the composition of the security council of the UNO? What are its functions?Do you support the argument that there should be more permanent members in the security council of UNO ?Give reasons

Q. Explain the basic principles of the preamble to the constitution of India.

Q. How is the union council of minsters constituted?describe its composition.

Q. The problem of India bureaucracy is not that it is a bureaucracy, but that it carries too much baggage of the past.”Examine Discuss the role of the speaker of the Lok Sabha.

Q. Write a note on ‘role of law’ of british political system.

Q. Write a note on the powers and functions of US senate.

Q. Discuss the composition and Functions of Zilla Parishad under the Assam Panchayat Act,1994.

Q. Write a note on judicial activism in India.

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APSC Mains Exam – Political Science 2006 Question Paper I & Paper II

APSC Mains – Political Science 2006 Question Paper I & Paper II

It’s very important that we know the definite trend of question being recently asked in the Mains Exam. Thus, the Polity Paper I & Paper II of 2006 is given here, to give you a better idea of the areas/topics more question appears in the exam.

POLITY PAPER-I

Q. Comment on any three of the following:
1.”virture is knowledge ”
2.”political science beings and ends with the state ”
3.”…all peaceful beginings of government have been laid in the consent of the people. ”
4.” The Authority of the state rests on violence. ”
5.”State exists for the sake of good life,not for the sake of life only.”
Q. Define political science and examine its scientific character.
Q. Analyse the concept of power and discuss the nature of political power.
Q. Highlight the factors leading to the emergence of the concept of welfare state.What are the major function of a welfare state?
Q. Explain the significant features of a parliamentary form of government.How to distinguish it from the presidential form
Q. Highligh the relationship between any two of the following :
1.liberty and equality
2.truth and non violence
3.state and society
4.Democracy and human personality
Q. Explain the Gandhi concept of non violence.Examine the utility of the technique of non violent resistance in a modern state.
Q. Explain the process of withering away of the state in the light of Marxian theory of state.
Q. Analyse the plato’s theory of communism.How will you distinguish it from the modern concept of communism
Q. Discuss the causes of revolution in a state as indentifiedby Aristole.
Q. Highlight the significant contribution of the following thinkers.
1.Abraham lincoln
2.jean jacques rousseau
3.John Rawls
4.Harold J laski

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POLITY PAPER-II

Q. Comment on any three of the following :
1.”India, that is Bharat ,shall be a Union of States. ”
2.”At the commencement of the contribution every person who has his domicile in the territory of India and who was born in the territory of India..shall be a citizen of India. ”
3.”No person who is a member of a Civil Services of the Union…shall be dismissed or removed by an authority subordinate to that by which he was appointed “.
Q. What is the utility of the Indian administrative service
Q. Justify the position of the Us president as the real chied executive
Q. Evaluate the role of the Civil Service in India.To what extent the civil service are commited to the welfare of the nation
Q. Discuss the areas of tension in the centre state relationship in the Indian federal system.
Q. Analyse the significant features of the American senate
Q. Write a critique on the powers and functions of the British Prime Minister.
Q. Discuss the role of the UNO in spreading human rights education amongst nations.
Q. Analyse the judicial sytem in India and justify the supreme court as the guardian of the constitution of India.
Q. Analyse the sources of the constitution of India.Is the constitution a bag of borrowing?Justify Your answer.
Q. Explain the directive principle of state policy in corporated in the constitution of India.To what extent these principles conform to the Gandhian thought.
Q. Answer any three of the following :
1.justiy Indian Democracy as a Representative democracy.
2.Forward arguments in favour of a strong centre in India.
3.Comment on the collective security of the Ministers to the Lok Sabha.
4.What is the role of the Governor of a state during President s rule .

APSC Main 2020 Test Series - assamexam