APSC Prelim 2018 GS Paper – Polity Section Questions Analysis
Polity is very important sections in any General Studies papers and in APSC GS Paper too, a significant number of Questions are asked from these sections. So, analyzing the previous years Qs from these section can be very helpful to understand Focus Areas to study more extensively.
75. Which Articles of the Indian Constitution deal with Right of Equality?
a. Article 14 to 18 b. Article 19 to 22 c. Article 22 to 24 d. Articles 25 to 30
76. Which Amendment incorporated the Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution?
a. 40th Amendment b. 42nd Amendment c. 44th Amendment d. None of the above
Focus Areas: Fundamental Duties, Amendments
Q77. In India, who appointer(s) the District Judges?
a. The Governor b. The Judges of the High Court c. The Chief Minister d. The President
Focus Areas: Judiciary
78. Which of the following regional parties was formed prior to India’s Independence?
a. DMK b. AIADMK c. Assom Gana Parishad d. Shiromani Akali Dal
Focus Areas: Politics
79. Which of the following is not a feature of Panchyati Raj system?
a. Their-tier structure b. Direct election c. Reservation of seats d. None of the above
Focus Areas: Panchyati Raj System
80. The North-Eastern Areas (Re-organisation) Act was passed in the year
a. 1981 b. 1972 c. 1970 d. 1971
Focus Areas: Assam & NE related Acts
81. In India, the RTI Act came into force on a. 15th June, 2005 b. 15th August, 2005 c. 12th October, 2005 d. 1st November, 2005
Focus Areas: RTI
82. What is the proportion of seats reserved for women as the Chairperson in the Gram Panchayat? a. ½ b. 1/3 c. 2/3 d. ¼
Focus Areas: Panchyati Raj System
83. Which Article of the Indian Constitution gives authority to impose central rule if there has been failure of the constitutional machinery in any State of India?
a. Article 356 b. Article 256 c. Article 2 d. Article 3
84. Which of the following is not a feature of the Indian Constitution? a. Democratic b. Presidential c. Republic d. Federal
Focus Areas: Indian Constitution features
85. The Constitution of India is parliamentary because a. There is an elected President b. There is a Supreme Court c. There is a Parliament d. The Executive is responsible to the Legislature
Focus Areas: Indian Constitution features
86. Right to Education is a fundamental right under the
a. Article 22 A b. Article 21 A c. Article 23 d. Article 24
APSC Prelim 2018 GS Paper – History, Art & Culture Section Questions Analysis
History and Art & Culture are very important sections in any General Studies papers and in APSC GS Paper too, a significant number of Questions are asked from these sections. So, analyzing the previous years Qs from these section can be very helpful to understand Focus Areas to study more extensively.
Q2. Match list-1 with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists
Lists – 1 Lists- 2
a. Famines in India 1. Dadabhai Naoroji
b. Poverty and unBritish rule in India 2. MG Ranade
c. The Industrial Evolution of India 3. B M Bhatia
d. Essays on Indian Economics 4. D R Gadgil
a 3 b 4 c 1 d 2
a 3 b 1 c 4 d 2
a 2 b 4 c 3 d 1
a 2 b 3 c 4 d 1
Focus Areas: Important books on Indian History
Q3. In India, the Zamindari system was first introduced in
Bengal
Madras
Bombay
Delhi
Focus Areas: British Administration
Q49. Which one of the following is a profusely illustrated treatise on elephants, date 1734?
Chitra-Bhagavata
Hastividyarnava
Kadambari
Parijatharan
Focus Areas: Important books on Indian History
Q50. Which one of the following scholars is believed to have written the Panchatantra stories?
Vishnu Sharma
Bhattadeva
Suchruta
Chaitanya
Focus Areas: Important books on Indian History
Q52. Which artist made the famous painting ‘Guernica’ in 1937?
Michelangelo
Pablo Picasso
Pablo Neruda
Salvador Dali
Focus Areas: World Famous Arts/ Paintings
Q53. Lai Haraoba is an important festival of
Mizoram
Meghalaya
Manipur
Tripura
Focus Areas: Festivals of India
Q54. The largest Buddhist monastery in India is located in
Sanchi
Bodhgaya
Nalanda
Tawang
Focus Areas: Important Religious monuments
Q55. Ima Keithel is the largest
freshwater lake in Maniour
Association of Manipuri mothers
Association of Naga mothers
All-women market in Manipur
Focus Areas: GK
Q57. The Cheraw dance is a dance form of
Meghalaya
Sikkim
Puducherry
Mizoram
Focus Areas: Important dances
Q58. Therukoothu is an art form of
Telengana
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Maharashtra
Focus Areas: Important Folk Arts
Q59.Who wrote the book, We, the People?
J R D Tata
Mahatma
Gandhi
Nani Palkhivala
Focus Areas: Important books
Q60. Who was the first recipient of the Sahitya Academy Award for English Literature?
Nayantara Sehgal
R K Narayan
Raja Rao
Mulk Raj Anand
Focus Areas: GK Awards
Q61. Which of following is not a poetic tradition?
The Epic
The Occult
Tea Tragic
The Comic
Focus Areas: Literature
Q62. Renaissance is a/an
Italian word
Spanish word
Greek word
French word
Focus Areas: Important History Terms/events
Q63. The Room on the Roof was written by
Ruskin Bond
Virginia Woolf
Thomas Hardy
George Orwell
Focus Areas: GK Important Books
Q64. How many Ghosas are there in the Nama Ghosa?
500
1000
1500
2000
Focus Areas: Historical/religious Literature
Q65. Which language was used by Sankardeva for composing Ankia Nat?
Pali
Brajavali
Prakrit
Apabhrangsha
Focus Areas: Historical/religious Literature
Q66. Which of the following was the first Ankia Nat written by Sankardeva?
Patniprasad
Chinhayatra
Rukminiharan
Kaliyadaman
Focus Areas: Historical/religious Literature
Q67. Who is known as the father of Assamese prose?
Ratnakar Kandali
Bhattadeva
Sarbavauma Bhattacharrya
Gopal Aata
Focus Areas: Literature of Assam
Q68. Which century witnessed the growth and development of the Charit Puthi’?
14th Century
15th Century
16th Century
17th Century
Focus Areas: Historical/religious Literature
Q69. The Buranji written by Ratna Kandali and Arjun Das Bairagee was
Tripura Buranji
Kachari Buranji
Axom Buranji
Kamrup Buranji
Focus Areas: Historical/religious Literature
Q70. Who was the first editor of Jonaki?
Lakshminath Bezbaruah
Chandra Kumar Agarwalla
Hemchandra Goswami
Ratneswar Mahanta
Focus Areas: Literature of Assam
Q71. The novel Astarag is authored by
Nirupama Borgohain
Chandra Prasad Saikia
Homen Borgohain
Nirod choudhury
Focus Areas: Literature of Assam
Q72. Aahar, as Assamese drama, written by Arun Sharma is a/an
social drama
historical drama
absurd drama
none of the above
Focus Areas: Literature of Assam
Q73. Who among the following was the first recipient of the Assam Valley Literary Award?
Homen Borgohain
Nobakanta Barua
Bhabendra Nath Saikia
Nilamoni Phukan
Focus Areas: GK Awards
Q89. Which one was not the principal item of export in the 17th century Indian trade?
Pepper
Opium
Ivory
Sugar
Focus Areas: Trades in Historical Times
Q90. Who founded the Home Rule League in September 1916?
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Bipin Chandra Pal
Lala Lajpat Rai
Annie Besant
Focus Areas: Modern History – Important League/Associations
Q91. Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in the year?
1931
1925
1929
1932
Focus Areas: Modern History – Important Pacts/Treaty
Q92. Hayungthal Copper Plate was issued by
Bhaskar Varman
Susthita Varman
Banamala Varman
Harjjar Varman
Focus Areas: Inscriptions
Q93. Who was the founder of Pala Dynasty?
Brahmapala
Viradutta
Indrapala
Dharmapala
Grace mark provided for this Qs
Gopala, a local chieftain rose to power as the emperor of Gauda and founded the Pala Dynasty in 750 CE.
APSC Combined Competitive Exam (CCE) 2020 – Timeline of events of ACS, APS, other Assam Govt officers posts
The Assam Public Service Commission (APSC) conducts Combined Competitive Examination, almost every year for recruitment to various services of Assam Govt. One of the toughest exams in the state, the CC Exam comprises mainly two stages:
(A) Preliminary examination – a written test of screening nature.
(B) Mains examination, which consists of Written Examinations and Interview Test.
The Assam Public Service Commission will hold the Preliminary Examination of the Combined Competitive Examination, 2020 for screening candidates for the Main Examination for recruitment to the services/posts as per the actual number of vacancies as shown below, in accordance with the Assam Public Services Combined Competitive Examination (Amendment) Rules, 2019.
———————————– Total = 331 Posts ( 81 posts Reserve for Women & 11 posts Reserved for PWD )
Online Applications can be filled up from 10-09-2020 to 25-10-2020 (Extended)
CENTRES FOR THE PRELIMINARY & MAIN EXAMINATION:
(A) The centres for the Combined Competitive (Preliminary) Examination are BARPETA, BONGAIGAON, BISWANATH CHARIALI, DHEMAJI, DHUBRI, DIBRUGARH, DIPHU, GOALPARA, GOLAGHAT, GUWAHATI, HAFLONG, HAMREN, HATSINGIMARI, HOJAI, JORHAT, KAJALGAON, KARIMGANJ, KOKRAJHAR, MAJULI, MANGALDOI, MORIGAON, MUSHALPUR, NAGAON, NALBARI, NORTH LAKHIMPUR, SILCHAR, SIVASAGAR, SONARI, TEZPUR, TINSUKIA AND UDALGURI.
(B) The Combined Competitive (Main) Examination will be held in GUWAHATI only.
(C) The exact dates for Preliminary and Main Examination respectively will be notified in due course.
(D) The centres and the date (even after it is notified) for holding examination may, however be changed by the Commission at its discretion owing to unforeseen exigencies. Candidates admitted to the examination will be informed of the time-table and place or places of examination. The candidates should note that no request for change of centre will be granted.
CANDIDATES ARE REQUIRED TO APPLY FOR THE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION THROUGH THE WEBSITE “https://apscrecruitment.in” ONLY. NO OTHER MODE FOR SUBMISSION OF APPLICATION IS ALLOWED.
A) The Online Applications can be filled up from 10-09-2020 to 10-10-2020 till 12:00 Midnight after which the link will be disabled.
B. FEES FOR PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION: Under the Digital India initiative by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India, APSC has decided to launch its Online Recruitment portal with the help of CSC-SPV, a MeitY approved organization, which will charge a processing fee of Rs. 30.00/- + 18% tax = Rs.35.40/- from each candidate.
(a) Nationality: The candidate must be an Indian citizen. (b) Age: The candidate should not be less than 21 years and more than 38 years of age on 01.01.2020.
Relaxation: The upper age limit is relaxable (i) By 5 years for SC/STP/STH candidates i.e. upto 43 years. (ii) By 3 years for OBC/MOBC candidates i.e. upto 41 years as per Govt. Notification No. ABP.6/2016/9 dated Dispur the 25th April, 2018. (iii) For persons with Benchmark Disabilities (PWBD) by 10 years irrespective of SC/ST/OBC and General Category of candidates as per Govt. Notification No. ABP 144/95/121 dated Dispur the 28th October, 2015.
(c) The candidate must hold a Degree from any of the Universities incorporated by an Act of Central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutions established by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemed as a University under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 or possess such qualification as may be declared equivalent by the Government. (d) Candidates must possess the prescribed qualification on the date of submission of their applications. (e) Candidates awaiting results of the qualifying examination for eligibility on the closing date of submission of application need not apply. (f) Persons with Benchmark Disabilities should ascertain the post for which a particular category of disability is entitled for reservation as per the advertisement and should apply/opt for the preference accordingly at the time of filling up the forms for Main Examination. (g) As per Govt. notification no.ABP.69/2019/17, dated 06/11/2019 candidates have to submit a declaration regarding “The Small Family Norms” in Form-A at the time of applying for the C.C. (Mains) Examination.
NOTE: THE CANDIDATES BELONGING TO RESERVED CATEGORY OF OTHER STATES WILL BE TREATED AS GENERAL CANDIDATES AND THEY CAN COMPETE ONLY AGAINST OPEN CATEGORY VACANCIES.
The Combined Competitive Examination consists of two successive stages:- (i) The Preliminary Examination (Objective Type) (ii) The Main Examination (written & interview)
(I). PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
The Preliminary Examination will consist of two papers of objective type multiple choice questions of two hours duration each.
Paper-I – General studies I – 200 Marks – 2 hrs Time (Objective type multiple choice question paper)
Paper-II – General Studies II – 200 Marks – 2 hrs Time (Objective type multiple choice question paper)
Total marks = 400
The questions will be of objective type with multiple choices
Candidates will have to use ONLYBLACK / BLUE BALL PEN.
This Examination is meant to serve as a screening test only.
The marks obtained in the Preliminary Examination by the Candidates who are declared qualified for admission to the Main Examination will not be counted for determining the final order of merit.
There will be negative marking for incorrect answers as detailed below: (i) There are four alternatives for the answers to every question. A penalty of one-fourth (.25) of the total marks assigned to that question will be deducted for each wrong answers marked by a candidate. (ii) If a candidate marksmore than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of the given answers happen to be correct and there will be same penalty as above for that question. (iii) If a question is left blank i.e no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for that question.
The General Studies II paper of the Combined Competitive (Prelim) Examination will be a qualifying paper with minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33% . The Commission will draw a list of candidates to be qualified for Combined Competitive (Main) Examination based on the criterion of minimum qualifying marks of 33% in General Studies Paper-II of Combined Competitive (Prelim) Examination and total qualifying marks of General Studies paper- I of Combined Competitive (Prelim) Examination as may be determined by the Commission.
The candidates may refer to the Assam Public Services Combined Competitive Examination (Amendment) Rules, 2019 for syllabi of General Studies I & General Studies II.
The Main Examination consists of (A) Written Examination and (B) Interview Test.
(A) WRITTEN EXAMINATION
a) On the results of the Preliminary Examination, the number of candidates to be admitted to the written part of the Main Examination will be 11 to 12 times the number of vacancies notified for each category. The selection will be strictly on the basis of merit adhering to the norms of Vertical and Horizontal Reservation as per prescribed law in force. b) The questions of the examination will be of conventional type. The written examination will consist of the following papers:
• Two Qualifying Language Papers: (in the level of Class X)
1. Paper A (300 marks- 3Hours duration) – any one of the language from Assamese, Bengali, Bodo. Candidates from DimaHasao, Karbi Anglong and West Karbi Anglong districts who have not studied any of these languages in school shall be exempted from appearing for this Paper A.
2. Paper B- English (300 marks- 3Hours duration)
N.B. a. The marks obtained in these two papers shall not be counted for determining the final order of merit. b. The minimum qualifying marks in Paper ‘A’ and Paper ‘B’ will be 25%.
• Papers to be counted for order of merit (written Examination)
Sl. No
Papers
Type of Paper
Marks
Duration in Hours
1
Paper 1
Essay
250
3 Hrs
2
Paper 2 to 6
General Studies
250 per paper
3 Hrs per paper
3
Paper 7
Optional Subject – Paper 1
250
3 Hrs
4
Paper 8
Optional Subject – Paper 2
250
3 Hrs
5
Interview Test (After qualifying in written test)
275
–
TOTAL
2275
Optional Papers:
The list of Optional subjects for the Main Examination:
(The standard and syllabi of the Optional subjects are approximately those of Degree Level Course of the Universities)
1. Agriculture 2. Anthropology 3. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science 4. Botany Page 5 of 11 5. Chemistry 6. Civil Engineering 7. Commerce and Accountancy 8. Economics 9. Electrical Engineering 10. Geography 11. Geology 12. History 13. Law 14. Literature of any one of the following languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Hindi, Sanskrit, English 15. Management 16. Mathematics 17. Mechanical Engineering 18. Medical Science 19. Philosophy 20. Physics 21. Political Science and International Relations 22. Psychology 23. Public Administration 24. Sociology 25. Statistics 26. Zoology
The candidates may refer to the Assam Public Services Combined Competitive Examination (Amendment) Rules, 2019 available in the Commission’s website for syllabi of the above mentioned optional subjects.
(B) INTERVIEW TEST: 275 Marks
On the results of the written part of the Main Examination the number of candidates to be called for interview will be about thrice the number of vacancies advertised. The selection will be strictly on the basis of merit adhering to the norms of Vertical and Horizontal Reservation as per prescribed law in force.
The candidates will be interviewed by a board that will have before them a record of his/her career. He/She will be asked questions on matters of general interest. The objective of the interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in public service by a board of competent and unbiased observers. The test is intended to judge the mental caliber of a candidate. In broad terms this is really an assessment of not only his intellectual qualities but also social traits and his interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities to be judged are mental alertness, critical powers of assimilation, clear and logical exposition, balance of judgment, variety and depth of interest, ability for social cohesion and leadership, intellectual and moral integrity.
The technique of the interview is not that of a strict cross-examination but of a natural, though directed and purposive conversation which is intended to reveal the mental qualities of the candidate.
The interview test is not intended to be a test either of the specialized or general knowledge of the candidates which has been already tested through their written papers. Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in their special subjects of academic study but also in the events which are happening around them both within and outside their own State or Country as well as in modern currents of thought and in new discoveries which should rouse the curiosity of well educated youth.
The interview, however, will not have any qualifying marks. The marks scored at the interview will be added to the marks scored in the written Examination (Main) and the ranking of the candidates will be determined on the basis of the total marks obtained.
The Commission shall recommend exactly the same number of candidates for different posts as notified. The candidates will be allotted cadre strictly on the basis of merit cum preferences opted by candidates in their applications for the Main Examination. The Commission shall not recommend a candidate for a post which he/she has not opted for.
ADMISSION CERTIFICATES (ADMIT CARD)
(a) Admission certificate indicating the eligible candidate’s Roll no., venue and programme of the exam will be uploaded in the Commission’s website, for appearing in the Preliminary/Main examination.
(b) The mere fact that a certificate of admission has been issued will not imply that his/her candidature has been finally cleared by the Commission. Candidates may note that the Commission takes up the verification of eligibility conditions only after the candidates have qualified for the Main Examination.
(c) Candidates must produce a photo identity proof of any of the following in the examination hall: (i) Pan Card (ii) Driving Licence (iii) Voters ID card (iv) Bank Passbook containing photograph (v) ID Card issued by the educational Institution where he/she is studying presently (vi) ID card issued by Government or public sector undertaking.
(d) The Commission reserves the right to cancel the candidature of any candidate as and when any ineligibility condition is detected. If any information declared by the candidate is found to be false at any stage; the candidate will be penalized as per prevailing law/rules.
(e) The decision of the Commission as to the eligibility or otherwise of a candidate for admission to the examination shall be final.
NOTE: This page is for informative purpose only, APSC is the final deciding authority of any information regarding this exam.
APSC Prelim & Mains Exam – Discussion Forum for Doubt clearance, Questions & Answers, FAQs
Discussion is an exchange of knowledge; an argument an exchange of ignorance.
– Robert Quillen
Dear Aspirants, Discussion can fill the knowledge gap that may exists or arises in due times. So many things are going on related to APSC CC Exams & other Assam Govt exams.
Adhikary Education (AssamExam.com) is pleased to offer you all an open platform for discussions related to Doubt clearance, Questions & Answers, FAQs related to APSC Prelims, Mains Exam and Interview. We welcome you all to utilize this space for putting forward your queries & provide solutions to other’s queries.
Please engage yourself in a healthy & positive academic discussiononly.
No political discussions, No negative discussions.
APSC Combined Competitive Exam (CCE) 2018 – Timeline of events of ACS, APS, ALRS Services exam
The Assam Public Service Commission (APSC) conducts Combined Competitive Examination, almost every year for recruitment to various services of Assam Govt.
One of the toughest exams in the state, the CC Exam comprises mainly two stages:
(A) Preliminary examination – a written test of screening nature
(B) Mains examination, which consist of Written Examination and Interview Test.
Total candidates cleared Prelim Exam= 3796 (Very good! you are in TOP 10.54%)
Total candidates accepted for Mains Exam= 3626(Good Luck for Mains, you are already in TOP 10.07%)
Total candidates (Approx) to be selected from Mains Exam ~ 560(Great! you are in TOP 1.5%)
Total candidates to be selected from Interview/viva-voce = 261 (Congratulations! YOU ARE IN)
Competition have been gradually increasing in APSC CCE and it have increase substantially in the recent years. For every post, around 138 candidates appeared in the APSC CCE (Prelims) 2018
SLAC Assam Screening Test 2017 Question Paper (Solved)
for FREE coaching programme for APSC CC Prelims Exam
As per the earlier notification, State Level Advisory Committee for Students and Youth Welfare, Assam will conduct FREE Intensive coaching programme for APSC Combined Competitive Prelims Exam. Among those aspirants who had applied online on the website: www.slacassam.org before 15th March, 2019, SLAC is going to a Screening Test on 19 May, 2019.
SLAC Screening Test for APSC FREE Coaching – Question Paper (Solved)
Here we provide the solved Question Paper of Screening Test for APSC CCE Prelims 2017 Free Coaching conducted by SLAC Assam.
APSC CC (Prelims) Exam 2018 Cutoff Marks(GS and optional paper combined)
and official Answer Key link
APSC has released the Cut off marks of APS CC(Prelims) Exam 2018 for (GS and optional paper combined) to settle the confusion created among the aspirants. They also uploaded the Marks, OMR sheet, Answer keys and list of invalid candidates for CCE (Prelim)-2018 to make the process more transparent.
These marks are out of total of 400 marks of (1) GS paper of 200 marks + (2) optional paper of 200 marks.
The category-wise Cut-off for 2018 vis-à-vis 2016 Cut-off Marks
Category
Year 2018
Year 2016
General (Open)
Male: 263
Female: 261
263
Female – 257
HI/OH/VI – 278/264/279
Other Backward Classes (OBC)/MOBC
Male: 243
Female: 242
242
Female – 240
Scheduled Class (SC)
Male: 228
Female: 223
217
Female – 218
Scheduled Tribe (Plains)
Male: 236
Female: 236
228
Female – 228
VI -251
Scheduled Tribe (Hills)
Male: 219
Female: 219
206
Female – 206
Female – HI – 232
VI
170
166
OH
185
181
HI
228
185
Contrary to the expectation (based on the online survey ‘APSC Prelims 2018 – Cut-Off Analysis‘) of lower Cut-off marks than the previous year i.e. 2016 (which was also lower than 2015’s), This year’s cutoff increased for almost all the categories.
APSC CC (Preliminary) Exam 2018 – Result (List of Selected Candidates)
The Assam Public Service Commission declared the results of the Combined Competitive (Preliminary) Examination, 2018 held on 30th December, 2018. Full list of candidates who have been declared the Prelim exam and are qualified to appear in the Combined Competitive (Main) Examination, 2018.
Hearty Congratulations to the (3361+408 =) 3769 successful candidates.
APSC CC Exam 2018 - Competition statistics
Total posts = 261
Total candidates appeared Prelim Exam= 36000
Total candidates cleared Prelim Exam= 3796 (Very good! you are in TOP 10.54%)
Total candidates accepted for Mains Exam= 3626(Good Luck for Mains, you are already in TOP 10.07%)
Total candidates (Approx) to be selected from Mains Exam ~ 560(Great! you are in TOP 1.5%)
Total candidates to be selected from Interview/viva-voce = 261 (Congratulations! YOU ARE IN)
Competition have been gradually increasing in APSC CCE and it have increase substantially in the recent years.
For every post, around 138 candidates appeared in the APSC CCE (Prelims) 2018
Marks scored, Answer keys and Cut Off Marks details of APSC CCE (Prelim)-2018
APSC notified that the marks of all valid candidates who had appeared in the C.C. (Prel.) Examination, 2018. The Answer Keys and Cut Off Marks can be seen here.
APSC CCE (Mains) Exam – The date for filling up of the Application Form for the Combined Competitive (Main) Examination, 2018 will be notified shortly. The Examination will be held tentatively during the month of July, 2019.
Just THREE months to prepare for Mains!! START your APSC Mains Preparation Now!!
