Important Inventions and Discoveries – ADRE 2023 Exam Notes

Important Inventions and Discoveries – ADRE 2023 Exam Notes

General Knowledge (GK) is an important section for Assam Direct Recruitment ADRE 2023. Science and Technology is a part of GK section.

List of some of Important Inventions and Discoveries:

Invention/Discovery

Name of the Inventor

Year of Invention

Automatic Calculator

Wilhelm Schickard

1623

Air Conditioner

Willis Carrier

1902

Anemometer

Leon Battista Alberti

1450

Animation

J. Stuart Blackton

Atom Bomb

Julius Robert Oppenheimer

1945

Aspirin

Dr. Felix Hoffman

1899

Airplane

Wilber and Orville Wright

1903

Adhesive tape

Richard G. Drew

1923

Bifocal Lens

Benjamin Franklin

1779

Barometer

Evangelista Torricelli

1643

Barbed Wire

Joseph F. Glidden

1873

Blood Group

Karl Lansdsteiner

1900s

Ball Point Pen

John Loud

Bicycle Tyres

John Boyd Dunlop

1888

Pedal Driven Bicycle

Kirkpatrick Macmillan

1839

Celluloid

Alexander Parkes

1861

Chloroform

Sir James Young Simpson

Cine Camera

Wm. Friese-Greene

1889

Circulation of blood

William Harvey

1628

Clock Mechanical

Hsing and Ling-Tsan

1725

Diesel Engine

Rudolf Diesel

1892

Centigrade Scale

Anders Celsius

1742

Chlorine

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

1774

Dynamite

Alfred B. Nobel

1867

Diesel Engine

Rudolf Diesel

1895

Electric stove/cooker

William S. Hadaway

1896

Electroscope

William Gilbert

1600s

Electric Fan

Schuyler Wheeler

1882

Electric Battery

Volta

1800

Elevator

Elisha G. Otis

1852

Electric Motor (DC)

Thomas Davenport

1873

Electromagnet

William Sturgeon

1824

Fountain Pen

Petrache Poenaru

1827

Fluorine

André-Marie Ampère

1810

Gramophone

Thomas Edison

1878

Hydrogen

Henry Cavendish

1766

Helicopter

Igor Sikorsky

1939

Hovercraft

Christopher Cockerell

1959

Hot Air Balloon

Josef & Etienne Montgolfier

1783

Helium

Jules Janssen

1868

Insulin

Sir Frederick Banting

1923

Jet Engine

Hans Von Ohain

1936

Lightning Conductor

Benjamin Franklin

1752

Locomotive

George Stephenson

1804

Laser

Theodore Maiman

1960

Light Bulb

Thomas Edison

1854

Motorcycle

Gottlieb Daimler

1885

Microscope

Zacharis Janssen

1590

Microphone

Alexander Graham Bell

1876

Machine Gun

Richard Gatling

1861

Neon Lamp

Georges Claude

1915

Oxygen

Joseph Priestley

1774

Ozone

Christian Schonbein

1839

Piano

Bartolomeo Cristofori

1700

Printing Press

Johannes Gutenberg

1440

Parachute

Louis-Sebastien Lenormand

1783

Polio Vaccine

Jonas Edward Salk

Periodic Table

Dmitri Mendeleev

1869

Penicillin

Alexander Fleming

1928

Pacemaker

Rune Elmqvist

1952

Petrol for Motor Car

Karl Benz

1885

Refrigerator

William Cullen

1748

Radium

Marie & Pierre Curie

1898

Rubber (vulcanized)

Charles Goodyear

1841

Rocket Engine

Robert H. Goddard

1926

Radio

Guglielmo Marconi

1894

Richter Scale

Charles Richter

1935

Ship (Turbine)

Charles Parsons

1894

Steam Ship

Robert Fulton

1807

Steam Boat

Robert Fulton

1786

Submarine

Cornelis Drebbel

1620

Stethoscope

Rene Laennec

1816

Saxophone

Adolphe Sax

1846

Sewing Machine

Elias Howe

1846

Steam-Powered Airship

Henri Giffard

1852

Soft Contact lenses

Otto Wichterle

1961

Synthesizer

Dr. Robert Arthur Moog

1964

Thermometer

Galileo

1593

Theory of Evolution

Charles Darwin

1858

Typewriter

Christopher Latham Sholes

Transistors

John Bardeen, William Shockley & Walter Brattain

1948

Telephone

Graham Bell

1874

Valve. Radio

Sir J.A Fleming

1904

Vacuum Cleaner

Hubert Cecil Booth

1901

Vitamin A

Frederick Gowland Hpokins

1912

Vitamin B

Christiaan Eijkman

1897

Vitamin C

Albert Szent-Gyorgi

Vitamin K

Henrik Dam

1929

Vitamin E

Herbert McLean Evans & Katherine Scott Bishop

 

Windshield wipers

Mary Anderson

1903

World Wide Web

Tim Berners Lee with Robert Cailliau 

1989

X-ray

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

1895

Xerox Machine

Chester Carlson

1928

ADRE 2023 Test Series Assamexam

APSC Prelims 2020 General Studies GS Paper 1 – Science & Technology section Questions Analysis

APSC CCE Prelim 2020 General Studies (GS) Paper 1 Questions Analysis

Questions from Science & Technology sections

Go to APSC CCE Prelim Previous Years Paper Analysis 

APSC prelims questions

Q31. Which ministry is carrying special scientific schemes like KIRAN IPR and Vigyan Jyoti for women scientists of India?

  1. The Ministry of Women and Child Development
  2. The Ministry of Science and Technology
  3. The Ministry of Human Resource Development
  4. The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship

Correct option: (B) Ministry of Science and Technology

DST support empowering women scientists | Department Of Science & Technology

 

Q43. Wooden Doors often swell up and get stuck during rainy season. This is due to the phenomenon of

  1. Endosmosis
  2. Imbibition
  3. Endocytosis
  4. Capillarity

Correct option: (B) Imbibition

The swelling of wooden doors is caused by the process of imbibition. Imbibition is the absorption of water by solid particles of a substance without forming a solution.

Q44. Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the law of photoelectric effect?

  1. Wilhelm Roentgen
  2. Albert Einstein
  3. Issac Newton
  4. Ernest Rutherford

Correct option: (B) Albert Einstein

The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 was awarded to Albert Einstein “for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.”

 

Q45. The filament string of an electric bulb is made up of

  1. Copper
  2. Silver
  3. Platinum
  4. Tungsten

Correct option: (D) Tungsten

Tungsten is a metal with a high resistivity. Tungsten has a high melting point, making it ideal for light bulbs. Tungsten is used to make the filament of an electric bulb because it has the highest melting point, lowest vapour pressure, and greatest tensile strength of any metal.

 

Q46.Which of the following is the chief constituent of biogas?

  1. Carbon Dioxide
  2. Hydrogen
  3. Ethane
  4. Methane

Correct option: (D) Methane

Typical composition of biogas

Compound

Formula

Percentage by volume

Methane

CH4

50–75

Carbon dioxide

CO2

25–50

Nitrogen

N2

0–10

Hydrogen

H2

0–1

Hydrogen sulfide

H2S

0.1 –0.5

Oxygen

O2

0–0.5

 

Q47. Which of the following is an egg laying mammal?

  1. Platypus
  2. Bat
  3. Whale
  4. Seal

Correct option: (A) Platypus

The Extant Species of Egg-laying Mammals Are:

  • The Duck-Billed Platypus. Ornithorhynchus anatinus is a bizarre-looking animal that’s found in streams with banks suitable for burrowing. They are sleek and brown, with a beaver-like flat tail. Their face has a large, duck-like bill. The males have venomous spurs on their rear ankles. This species eats bottom-dwelling invertebrates such as crabs. They live in eastern Australia, including Tasmania.

  • The Short-Beaked Echidna. Tachyglossus aculeatus is a widespread animal that’s found across Australia and into New Guinea. They are spikey and have powerful front limbs made for burrowing. These echidnas eat insects and hibernate through the winter.

  • The Eastern Long-Beaked Echidna. Zaglossus bartoni eats almost exclusively earthworms. They are also spined. They live in humid forests, especially above sea level, in New Guinea. There are four subspecies of eastern long-beaked echidna, primarily separated by geographic area.

  • Sir David’s Long-Beaked Echidna. Zaglossus attenboroughi lives in the Cyclops mountains of New Guinea. These are the smallest of the Zaglossus genus. It is feared that this species is highly endangered or even extinct, as a specimen has not been collected since 1961. Interviews with locals in 2007 (and signs of digging) suggest that the species is still alive – but no scientists have seen one yet.

  • Western Long-Beaked Echidna. Zaglossus bruijni is the largest extant monotreme, tipping the scales at 5 to 10kg. They prefer to live in alpine meadows and montane forests. They are considered critically endangered. They live in New Guinea.

 

Q48. Which of the following diseases is not caused by a virus?

  1. Influenza
  2. Anthrax
  3. AIDS
  4. Dengue

Correct option: (B) Anthrax

Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis.

 

Q49. A washing machine works on the principle of

  1. Gravitation
  2. Acceleration
  3. Centrifugation
  4. Linear Motion

Correct option: (C) Centrifugation

The working principle of a washing machine is centrifugation. Centrifugation is a separation process which uses the action of centrifugal force to promote accelerated settling of particles in a solid-liquid mixture. The washing machine consists of centrifuge for this purpose.

 

Q50. Raindrops are spherical in shape because of

  1. Viscosity
  2. Velocity
  3. Residual Pressure
  4. Surface tension

Correct option: (D) Surface tension

Raindrops start to form in a roughly spherical structure due to the surface tension of water. On smaller raindrops, the surface tension is stronger than in larger drops. The reason is the flow of air around the drop. As the raindrop falls, it loses that rounded shape.

 

Q51. Name the clinical procedure in which blood is transfused from recovered COVID-19 patient to a COVID-19 affected patient in critical condition.

  1. Dialysis therapy
  2. Plasma therapy
  3. Solidarity technique
  4. Hydroxychloroquine administration

Correct option: (B) Plasma therapy

Convalescent plasma therapy uses blood from people who’ve recovered from an illness to help others recover. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has given emergency authorization for convalescent plasma therapy with high antibody levels to treat COVID-19.

sun sun ke khaan phaak gaya hamara!!

 

Q52. A man suddenly encounters a tiger in the jungle, and his heartbeat goes up, blood pressure increases and gets nervous. Which hormone is released more at this point in his body?

  1. Thyroxine
  2. Insulin
  3. Adrenaline
  4. Aldosterone

Correct option: (C) Adrenaline

Adrenaline is also known as the “fight-or-flight hormone.” It’s released in response to a stressful, exciting, dangerous, or threatening situation. Adrenaline helps your body react more quickly. It makes the heart beat faster, increases blood flow to the brain and muscles, and stimulates the body to make sugar to use for fuel.

Go to APSC CCE Prelim Previous Years Paper Analysis 

APSC Prelim 2018 GS Paper – Analysis of Science & Technology Section Questions

APSC Prelim 2018 GS Paper – Science & Technology Section Questions Analysis

Science & Technology is very important sections in any General Studies papers and in APSC GS Paper too, a significant number of Questions are asked from these sections. So, analyzing the previous year’s Qs from this section can be very helpful to understand Focus Areas to study more extensively.

 

Q32. How does Calcium carbide ripen mangoes?

a. It reacts with moisture and releases ethylene

b. It reacts with moisture and releases ethyne

c. It reacts with moisture and released acetaldehyde which in turn releases ethylene

d. It reacts with starch and releases acetylene

 

Q33. Which one of the following reflects back more sunlight as compared to other three?

a. Sand desert

b. Paddy cropland

c. Land covered with fresh snow

d. Prairie land

 

Q34. Which of the following is a bio-fertilizer?

a. Rhizobium

b. Azobacter

c. Blue-green algae

d. all of the above

 

Q35. Which country approved medical and therapeutic use of cannabis and its derivatives on 19th October, 2017?

a. Cambodia

b. Qatar

c. Pakistan

d. Peru

Q36. Vermicomposting is done by

a. fungus

b. bacteria

c. worms

d. animals

 

Q37. Group of organisms which converts light into food is called

a. autotrophs

b. heterotrophs

c. decomposers

d. omnivores

Focus Areas: General Science Processes

 

Q38. What does India’s first all-weather tracked-chassis QR-SAM stand for?

a. Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile

b. Quotient Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile

c. Quicker Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile

d. None of the above

Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile is a missile developed by the Defence Research and Development Laboratory, Bharat Electronics Limited and Bharat Dynamics Limited for the Indian Army, meant for protecting moving armoured columns from aerial attacks. QRSAM has a fully automated Command and Control System.

 

APSC Prelims 2020 GS Paper – Suggest Topics for Sc & Tech, Defence & Security Section

APSC Prelims 2020 GS Paper – Suggest Topics for Science & Technology, Defence & Security Section

Basic Science

  • Ammeter, Anemometer, Calorimeter, Electrometer, Ellipsometer, Eudiometer, Gravimeter, Hydrometer, Magnetograph, Manometer, Spectrogram, Spectrometer, seismometer

APSC Prelims 2020 Test Series

New Technology – New Mobile technology, cloud technology, super computer,  4G, Long-Term Evolution (LTE),

  • 5G, VoIP, IoT, Blockchain, Big Data, Cloud Computing, Data analytics, Hyperloop, LED

Internet Technology – AJAX, CACHE/CACHING.  HTML5, HTTPS, SSL, XML, HTTP cookie (web cookie, Internet cookie, browser cookie, or simply cookie)

Basic Computer

  • USB, Smart devices, Accessories
  • Common terms related to Computer, MS word, MS Excel
  • Antivirus, Cyber Security terms & Virus
  • OS, S/w, H/W, Input/ Out put devices
  • Super computers, Scientists & Inventions

Environmental Science

  • Pollution Basics – causes, components, Effects
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) – the worst climate pollution, Sulfur oxides (SOx), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Carbon monoxide (CO)
  • The WHO Guidelines – PM10 pollution – PM 2.5 and PM 10 levels

Biological Science – Human body, disease & causes

Defence & Security – 

  • Intelligence Agencies ISI, RAW, CIA, MI6, IB, CBI
  • Defence Army institutes – Army’s Counter-Insurgency Warfare School, Vairengte, Mizoram, Army War College, Mhow, Indian Military Academy (IMA), Dehradun, Officers Training Academy –Chennai and Gaya (new), National Defence Academy (NDA),Pune
  • Joint Military/Naval Exercises

APSC Prelims 2020 Test Series

All Missiles, Aircraft carries & Submarines

  • Akash surface-to-air missile., Nag  antitank missile., Prithvi-I: surface-to-surface ballistic missile,
  • Agni-V, VI : Four-stage Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)- minimum range of 5,500 km
  • BrahMos : cruise missile, Nirbhay: long-range subsonic cruise missile, Barak 8 : long-range surface-to-air missile, Trishul: surface-to-air missile
  • INS ships, carriers