Assam & North East during Govt of India Act, 1935 and India’s Independence: (APSC Assam History Notes)
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Assam & North East India during Govt of India Act, 1935 and India’s Independence
Government of India Act, 1935 in North East India
Under the Government of India Act, 1935, the administrative pattern of the region was bifurcated from April 1937.
- The Mizo Hills, Naga Hills, North Cachar hills and North East Frontier tracts were called “excluded areas” i.e. these areas were excluded from ministerial jurisdiction and were guarded by “inner line” which prevented the entry of outsiders without permit.
- The Garo Hills, the British Portion of Khasi Jaintia Hills and Mikir Hills were termed “partially excluded” areas.
- Two princely states of Manipur and Tripura maintained relationship with the British govt through the agency of the Government of Assam, and an “unadministered Naga tribal area”.
The 1935 Act marked a major beginning in the growth of tribal alliances. Major tribes of the hills and the plains such as the Nagas, Khasis, Bodos, Miris, Kacheris, and Seweris pressed their demands through various organizations such as the Naga club, Seng Khasi club, Khasi Darbar, Tribal League and Ahom League. Many of their leaders like Rup Nath Brahma, Karo Chandra Boley and Jadav Chandra Khaklari were members of the Legislative Assembly.
The Naga Hill District Tribal Council was organized by Charles Pawsy, Deputy Commissioner of the Naga Hills district, in 1945. In April 1946, the organization was renamed the Naga Nationalist Council and the idea of ethnocentric nationalism emerged.
During the first half of 1946 two other prominent organizations (1) Garo National Council and (2) Mizo Union were formed.
Political trends of frontal tribes during India’s Independence
During the period of India’s independence, there were two major political trends among the tribes of North -East India
- Groups like Mizo Union, Garo National Council, East Indian Tribal Union and All Party Hill Leaders Conference were in favour of asserting more tribal autonomy within the Indian Union.
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Groups like the Naga Nationalist Council, the United Mizo Freedom Organization and the Mizo National Front wanted complete independence for tribal areas.
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